Term
| what is the primary cause of chronic kidney disease |
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Definition
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Term
| what are risk factors for chronic kidney disease |
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Definition
| cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity |
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Term
| when the kidneys cannot remove the body's metabolic wastes or perform their regulatory functions and renal replacement therapies required to sustain life, this is considered what stage of renal failure |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the clinical manifestations of kidney disease |
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Definition
| elevated serum creatinine levels, anemia, fluid retention, difficult to control htn, metabolic acidosis, and abnormalities in calcium and phosphorus |
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Term
| what causes nephrosclerosis (hardening of the renal arteries) |
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Definition
| prolonged hypertension and diabetes |
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Term
| what are risk factors for renal cancer |
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Definition
| gender (affects men more than women), tobacco use, obesity, unopposed estrogen therapy, polycystic kidney disease, and occupational exposure to industrial chemicals |
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Term
| what are 5 modifiable causes of acute kidney failure |
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Definition
| 1) hypovelemia; 2) hypotension; 3) reduced cardiac output and hf; 4) obstruction of the kidney or lower urinary tract by tumor, blood clot, or kidney stone; 5) bilateral obstruction of the renal arteries or veins |
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Term
| what are the 4 phases of acute renal failure |
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Definition
| initiation, oliguria, diuresis, and recovery |
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Term
| what is the most life-threatening fluid and electrolyte imbalances that can occur in patients with renal disturbances |
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Definition
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Term
| what are some nursing interventions for a patient with acute renal failure |
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Definition
| monitor fluid and electrolyte balance; reduce metabolic rate; promote pulmonary function; prevent infection (UTI);provide skin care (dry from edema); provide psychosocial support |
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Term
| what are the clinical manifestations of end stage renal disease |
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Definition
| peripheral neuropathy, severe pain and discomfort, restless leg syndrome, and burning feet |
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Term
| what is the objective of hemodialysis |
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Definition
| to extract toxic nitrogenous substances from the blood and to remove excess water |
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Term
| what happens during hemodialysis |
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Definition
| toxins and wastes in the blood are removed by diffusion; excess water is removed from the blood by osmosis; water moves under high pressure to an area of lower pressure by ultrafiltration |
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Term
| what is the goal of peritoneal dialysis |
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Definition
| to remove toxic substances and metabolic wastes and to reestablish normal fluid and electrolyte balance |
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Term
| peritoneal dialysis has a slower rate of fluid, electrolyte, and metabolic changes than what |
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Definition
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Term
| what are nursing interventions for hospitalized patients on dialysis |
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Definition
| protect vascular access; take precautions during IV therapy; monitor symptoms of uremia; detect cardiac and respiratory complications; control electrolyte levels and diet; manage discomfort and pain; monitor BP; prevent infection; care for the catheter site; administer meds; provide psychological support |
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Term
| what is the postoperative care for a patient after kidney surgery |
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Definition
| respiratory status; circulatory status and blood loss; pain; urinary drainage |
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Term
| what is the treatment of choice for most patients with end stage renal disease |
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Definition
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Term
| how quickly can rejection occur following a kidney transplant |
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Definition
| within 24 hours (hyperacute), within 3 to 14 days (acute), or after many years |
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Term
| what are signs and symptoms of transplant rejection |
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Definition
| oliguria, edema, fever, increasing BP, weight gain, and swelling or tenderness over the transplanted kidney or graft |
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