Term
| What is the primary purpose of the renal and urinary systems to maintain the body's homeostasis? |
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Definition
| regulating fluid and electrolytes, removing wastes, and providing other functions |
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Term
| how do the kidneys regulate blood pressure |
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Definition
| When the kidneys detect low bp, they release renin which converts to angiotensin I, which converts to angiotensin II in circulation, a powerful vasoconstrictor |
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Term
| The kidneys release renin, which converts to angiotensin I and II, which controls the release of which hormone that regulates sodium volume, thereby regulating electrolyte excretion |
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Definition
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Term
| the kidneys reabsorb and return to the body's circulation any bicarbonate from the urinary filtrate and excretes acid in the urine to regulate what? |
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Definition
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Term
| which glycoprotein is released by the kidney to stimulate the production of RBCs? |
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Definition
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Term
| with increasing age, the desire to drink begins to diminish, making the elderly more prone to what? |
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Definition
| hypernatremia and fluid volume deficit |
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Term
| what are common symptoms of urinary tract disease? |
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Definition
| pain, change in voiding, GI symptoms, and unexplained anemia |
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Term
| what is the normal range for specific gravity? |
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Definition
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Term
| which disorders can cause an increased specific gravity? |
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Definition
| diabetes mellitus, nephritis, and fluid deficit |
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Term
| osmolality, the most accurate measurement of the kidney's ability to dilute and concentrate urine has a normal value of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the normal creatinine (end product of muscle energy metabolism) level? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal range for BUN? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the normal BUN to creatinine ratio (evaluates hydration status, elevated would indicate hypovolemia) |
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Definition
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