Term
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Definition
| hormone synthesized and released by the adrenal cortex; causes the kidneys to reabsorb sodium |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone secreted by the posteriory pituitary gland; causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water; also called vasopressin |
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Term
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Definition
| total urine output less than 50 mL in 24 hours |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria in the urine; bacterial count higher than 100,000 colonies/mL |
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Term
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Definition
| endogenous waste product of muscle energy metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| increased formation and secretion of urine |
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Term
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Definition
| painful or difficult urination |
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Term
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Definition
| voiding more frequently than every 3 hours |
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Term
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Definition
| plasma filtered at the glomerulus into the kidney tubules |
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Term
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Definition
| red blood cells in the urine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine formation |
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Term
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Definition
| awakening at night to urinate |
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Term
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Definition
| total urine output less than 500 mL in 24 hours |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| white blood cells in the urine |
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Term
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Definition
| volume of plasma that the kidneys can clear of a specific solute (ex. creatinine); expressed in mL/min |
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Term
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Definition
| recurring or persistent excretion of glucose in the urine |
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Term
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Definition
| reflects the weight of particles dissolved in the urine; expression of the degree of concentration of the urine |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of a substance from the kidney tubule into the blood in the peritubular capillaries or vasa recta |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of a substance from the blood in the peritubular capillaries or vasa recta into the kidney tubule |
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Term
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Definition
| nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| type of renal failure with glomerular inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden rapid deterioration of kidney function that is sometimes reversible |
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Term
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Definition
| type of acute renal failure in which there is actual damage to the kidney tubules |
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Term
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Definition
| type of vascular access for dialysis; created by surgically connecting an artery to a vein |
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Term
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Definition
| type of surgically created vascular access for dialysis by which a piece of biologic, semibiologic, or synthetic graft material connects the patient's artery to a vein |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal concentration of nitrogenous wastes in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic progressive and irreversible diseases of the kidneys |
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Term
| continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis |
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Definition
| method of peritoneal dialysis whereby a patient manually performs four or five complete exchanges or cycles throughout the day |
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Term
| continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis |
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Definition
| method of peritoneal dialysis in which a peritoneal dialysis machine (cycler) automatically performs exchanges, usually while the patient sleeps |
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Term
| continuous renal replacement therapy |
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Definition
| variety of methods used to replace normal kidney function by circulating the patient's blood through a filter and returning it to the patient |
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Term
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Definition
| solution that circulates through the dialyzer in hemodialysis and through the peritoneal membrane in peritoneal dialysis |
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Term
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Definition
| "artificial kidney" or dialysis machine; containes a semipermeable membrane through which particles of a certain size can pass |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of solutes (waste products) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| term used to describe the drained fluid from a peritoneal dialysis exchange |
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Term
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Definition
| final stage of renal failure that results in retention of uremic waste products and the need for renal replacement therapies |
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Term
| exchange (peritoneal dialysis) |
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Definition
| complete cycle of peritoneal dialysis includes fill, dwell, and drain phases |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the glomerular capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| procedure during which a patient's blood is circulated through a dialyzer to remove waste products and excess fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation within the renal tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| hardening of the renal arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| type of renal failure with increased glomerular permeability and massive proteinuria |
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Term
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Definition
| any substance, medication, or action that destroys kidney tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| procedure that uses the lining of the patient's peritoneal cavity as teh semipermeable membrane for exchange of fluid and solutes |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the peritoneal membrane (lining of the peritoneal cavity) |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the renal pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
| process whereby water is removed from the blood by means of a pressure gradient between the patient's blood and the dialysate |
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Term
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Definition
| an excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins secreted by damaged kidney tubules |
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