Term
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Definition
| responsible for homeostasis of electrolytes and activation of vitamin D. they filter 7L of fluid per hour and contain >1million nephrons. |
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Term
| when does serious renal impairment manifest itself? |
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Definition
| when 75-90% of kidney function is lost |
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Term
| where is the anatomic location of the kidneys? |
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Definition
| protected by strong back and flank muscles, they are located in the retroperitoneal cavity or posterior abdominal region btwn the 12th thoracic vertebrae and 3rd lumbar. the right kidney is lower than the left kidney. |
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Term
| Kidney cross section do not typically contain |
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Definition
| the hilum. one usually sees the cortex, medulla, and pelvis. |
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Term
| Portion of the kidney containing the collecting tubules |
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Definition
| .– the pyramids, which also contain the loops of Henle and vasa recta. |
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Term
| Percentage of CO the kidneys receive |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| part of the loop of henle permeable to water |
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Definition
| descending. however, a small part of the ascending loop is also permeable but the rest is impermeable. |
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Term
| hormone that inhibits Na+ and water reabsorption at the distal convoluted tubule |
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Definition
| atrial natriuretic peptide |
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Term
| hormones that stimulate water and Na+ reabsorption at DCT |
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Definition
| aldosterone and angiotensin II |
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Term
|
Definition
| approximately 10 mmHg, colloid pressure is caused by proteins in the blood, is opposed by hydrostatic pressure, and plasma proteins do not filter in the bowman capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| .– responsive to glomerular stretch, located around the glomerular capillaries, regulate surface area available for glomerular filtration. contract to reduce surface area and relax to incrase it. stimulated to contract when more blood enters glomerulus. |
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Term
| part of kidney that ADH acts on |
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Definition
| collecting tubule, the cells become permeable to water and allow water to be reabsorbed from urinary filtrate. |
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Term
| which diuretic blocks Na+/K+/Cl2- pumps in the ascending loop of henle? |
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Definition
| loop diuretics. these ions normally would have been pumped into the interstitium into the filtrate. |
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Term
| function of osmotics in kidneys |
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Definition
| osmotics are filtered through the glomerulus and are not reabsorbed by the tubules. |
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Term
| function of thiazide in kidneys |
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Definition
| block Na reabsorption in distal tubule |
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Term
| function of aldosterone blocking in kidneys |
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Definition
| spare K+ and increases Na+/K+ pumps on distal tubule membranes. |
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Term
| Ca2+ levels in chronic renal failure |
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Definition
| low serum Ca2+ results from decreased absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. parathyroid is released to remove Ca2+ and phosphate from the bone. |
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Term
|
Definition
| acidic, specific gravity of 1.003-1.03, with minimal to no protein found in the specimen. |
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Term
| pain in the costovertebral angle in the back indicates |
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Definition
|
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Term
| autosomal dominant vs recessive polycystic kidney disease |
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Definition
| in dominant, cysts involve the entire nephron with the symptoms occurring later in life. |
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Term
|
Definition
| an infection of the renal pelvis and the interstitium. |
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Term
| predisposing factors associated with pyelonephritis |
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Definition
| vesicoureteral reflux, pregnanacy, neurogenic bladder, catheterization, urinary obstruction, female sexual trauma. |
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|
Term
| classic manifestations of chronic pyelonephritis |
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Definition
| unilateral or bilateral changes in the kidney due to infection. small atrophic kidneys with diffuse scarring and blunting of the calices. |
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Term
| effect of urinary obstruction on glomerular filtration, urinary stasis, and infection risk |
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Definition
| complete obstruction results in hydronephrosis, decreased glomerular filtration rate, urinary stasis, and predisposition to infection and structural damage. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the most common physiologic abnormality found in patients with renal stone. calcemia oxalate or calcium phosphate stones make up 70-85% of all renal calculi. |
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Term
|
Definition
| results from inflammatory cells infiltrating the glomerular capillary walls and establishing antibody-antigen complexes within the glomeruli. |
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Term
| clinical manifestations of glomerulonephritis |
|
Definition
| hematuria, hypertension, proteinuria, periorbital edema. |
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|
Term
| clinical symptoms of nephritic syndrome |
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Definition
| hypoproteinemia, hypertension, edema, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypercoagulability. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a term for retention of nitrogenous wastes. |
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|
Term
| oliguria, anuria, nonoliguric |
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Definition
| terms referring to the amount of urine output |
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Term
| risk factors for acute renal failure |
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Definition
| atherosclerosis, hypertenstion, diabetes mellitus, advanced age, heart failure, chronic liver failure. |
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Term
|
Definition
| distal obstruction that is bilateral to the kidney resulting in postrenal failure. |
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Term
| intrarenal failure indicates |
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Definition
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|
Term
| prerenal failure indicates |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| increased phosphorus and decreased serum Ca2+ are characteristic of |
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Definition
|
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Term
| erythropoietin and renal failure responsible for |
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Definition
| stimulating marrow to make red cells, in renal failure, there is insufficient quantities of erythropoeiting available. |
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Term
| leading cause of chronic renal failure |
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Definition
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|
Term
| results of inability to excrete fluid in chronic renal failure |
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Definition
| failure to excrete fluid and failure to concentrate urine will result in the patient showing jugular venous distention, bounding pulses, rales in the lungs, and peripheral edema. |
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Term
| first stage of nephron loss due to renal failure |
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Definition
| loss of 50%. End-stage renal failure occurs when 90% of nephrons are lost. |
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Term
| restrictions in diet/nutrition for renal failure |
|
Definition
| fluids, K+, Na+, and protein. Carbohydrates are not restricted |
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Term
|
Definition
| hemodialysis, peritoneal, continuous renal replacement. |
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