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Renal 2 - Glomerular Filtrate
Glomerular Filtrate
26
Physiology
Undergraduate 4
11/15/2016

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Term
What process is happening if substances are moved from the blood to the lumen?
Definition
filtration or secretion
Term
What process is happening if substance are moved from the lumen to the blood?
Definition
reabsorption
Term
Key measures of kidney function (2)
Definition
Amount of urine
Concentration of urine
Term
How is the glomerular filtrate modified in the proximal tubule?
Definition
-60% of H2O and 60% of NaCl are reabsorbed
-100% of glucose is reabsorbed
-60-85% of bicarbonate is reabsorbed
-small amount of creatinine secreted into tubule
-no change in inulin
Term
How is the glomerular filtrate modified in the loop of Henle?
Definition
DESCENDING
-H2O diffuses out passively via vasa recta
-Na+ diffues in to tubule
-osmolality increases

ASCENDING
-Na+ is reabsorbed actively in to blood stream
-not permeable to H2O
-increase in interstitial Na+ concentration causes more H2O to diffuse out of the descending loop
-osmolality in the tubule decreases as Na leaves
Term
How is the glomerular filtrate modified in the distal tubule?
Definition
-small amount of Na+ reabsorbed in to bloodstream
-no water movement
Term
How is the glomerular filtrate modified in the collecting duct?
Definition
-small amount of Na+ reabsorbed
-aquaporins allow for water movement to further concentrate/dilute urine depending on needs
Term
Where does ADH act?
Definition
in the collecting ducts
Term
Why is monitoring GGT (gamma glutamyl transferase) activity useful?
Definition
indicates damage to proximal tubule cells
Term
What are the routes of transport across the proximal tubular epithelium? How do they differ? Which is more common?
Definition
Paracellular
-passive diffusion
-1% of SA

Transcellular
-passive or active transport
-99% of SA
Term
Which type of PT transport relies on electrochemical gradients exclusively
Definition
paracellular
Term
What is counter transport?
Definition
2 ions pumped in opposite directions. 1 ion is pumped against the gradient, and a different ion goes with the gradient
Term
What is primary active transport?
Definition
using ATP to transport molecules across a mmb
Term
What co transport?
Definition
2 ions pumped in same direction. 1 ion is pumped against the gradient, and a different ion goes with the gradient
Term
How is glucose transported in the proximal tubule?
Definition
Secondary active transport (COTRANSPORT) moves glucose across the luminal membrane

Passive transport (CARRIER MEDIATED DIFFUSION) using GLUT1/GLUT2 proteins moves glucose across the basolateral membrane
Term
What is tubular transport maximum?
Definition
The max amount of glucose that can be transported by the tubules
Term
What is the difference between renal origin and non-renal origin glucosuria?
Definition
Renal = problem with tubular transport Non-renal = hyperglycemia causing spillover
Term
Fanconi syndrome is associated with what type of glucosuria?
Definition
renal origin
Term
Diabetes mellitus is associated with what type of glucosuria?
Definition
non-renal origin
Term
Where is the majority of glucose absorbed?
Definition
proximal tubule
Term
Where are the majority of amino acids absorbed?
Definition
proximal tubule
Term
Where is the majority of bicarbonate absorbed?
Definition
proximal tubule
Term
Where is the majority of water reabsorbed?
Definition
proximal tubule
Term
What is the main driving force of Na+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule?
Definition
Primary & secondary active transport
Term
True or False

The osmolality of glomerular filtrate has no net change as it moves through the proximal tubule
Definition
True

because water follows the ions@
Term
True or False

Fluid absorption in the proximal tubule is hypotonic
Definition
false - isotonic ([%] doesn't change overall]
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