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Renaissance Art
1st Test
42
Art History
Undergraduate 2
02/15/2009

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
[image]Marriage of the Virgin
Definition

Raphael

1504

 Oil on panel

 

  • use of one point perspective
  • introduces perfect mathematical geometry to canvas
  • in comparison with Perugino's:
    • priest head breaks free from central axis
    • Mary and Joseph switch positions
    • hand receiving ring in the foregroud 

 

Term
[image]La Belle Jardiniere
Definition
Raphael
1507
Oil on panel
 
  • The virgin and both babies create a triangular composition
  • in comparison with da Vinci's "Madonna on the Rocks"
    • use of atmostpheric perspective
    • gentle, rhythmic interplay as opposed to enigmatic gestures
  •  bodies of both children are realistically portrayed
Term
[image]Disputa
Definition
Raphael
1508
Fresco
Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican
 
  • subject is the discussion of the Transubstantiation
    • (wine and host of Eucharist = body and blood of Christ)
  • fresco divided into two regions: earthly and heavenly
  • monstrance on the altar dictates arrangement in the fresco
  • subtle use of atmospheric perspective
  • presence of the Trinity
Term
[image]School of Athens
Definition
Raphael
1508
fresco
Stanza della Segnatura in the Vatican
 
  • seen as Rapheal's masterpiece and an embodiment of the High Renaissance style
  • Parallel to di Vinci's "The Last Supper"
    • Rapheal organizes the figures into groups like Leonardo
    • symmetrical design
    •  Opening of building serves as frame for key figures
    Plato points up and Aristotle points down
    • Plato = master of cosmology
    • Aristotle = master of science
  • inclusion of important figures signals their status of the learned community
Term
[image]Galatea
Definition

Raphael

1513

Fresco

Villa Farnesina, Rome

  • subject is greek myth and celebrates the sensuality of pagan spirit
  • figures are sculptural and arranged in a spiral movement around Galatea
  • Like Michealangelo, Rapheal uses figures in order to create the illusion of space 

 

Term
[image]Portrait of Pope Leo X with his Nephews
Definition

Rapheal

1517

Oil on panel

  • Pope represented as a collector and connoisseur as opposed to a spiritual leader
    • signaled by his examination of an illuminated manuscript
    • clothing add to this idea
      • fur-lined
      • textures of brocades
  • light enters from the right
    • window seen on brass ball on chair
    • recalls Netherlandish art 

 

Term
[image]St. Paul Preaching
Definition
Raphael
1515
Cartoon, gouache on paper
  • power of St. Paul's words are seen through his gestures and individualized expressions in the crowd
  • limited perspective to foreground
  • similar to Massacio's Branacci Chapel frescoes 
Term
[image]Judgment of Paris
Definition
Marcantonio Raimondi
1520
Engraving
  • based on Roman sarchophagus panel
  • subjects defined through contours and chiaroscuro (contrast between light and dark)
    • occupy frontal plane 
Term
[image]Pieta (1498)
Definition
Michelangelo
Marble
  • change to a calm and  transcedent moment between Virgin and Jesus as opposed to a tortured moment
  • beautiful as opposed to tormented figures
  • echo of Madonna and Child
Term
[image]David
Definition
Michelangelo
1501
Marble
  • Comparison to Donatello's
    • Goliath's head is omitted
    • more idealist view of David
    •  the statue depicts David before he shoots the slingshot
  • Contrast to Hellenistic statues
    • David is calm and tense as opposed to emotionally charged
    • full of potential
Term
[image]Temptation and Expulsion from Eden
Definition

Michelangelo

1508

Fresco

Sistine Chapel Ceiling, Vatican, Rome

  • figures are full of life
  • very close to Massaccio's in terms of emotional drama
  • woman has the musculature of a man
    •  Michelangelo never worked with female models
  • beforehand, never shown as a narrative

 

 

Term
[image]Creation of Adam
Definition
Michelangelo
1508
Fresco
Sistine Chapel Ceiling, Vatican, Rome
  • emphasizes relationship between Adam and God
    • passage of the divine spark
  • depiction of God himself is a new development in art
Term
[image]Libyan sibyl
Definition

Michelangelo

1508

Fresco

Sistine Chapel Ceiling, Vatican, Rome

  • another example of male musculature on a woman
  • exemplifies the brilliant use of complementary colors on draperies
  • a product of Michelangelo's study of ancient sculpture 

 

Term
[image]Moses
Definition
Michelangelo
1513
Marble
Tomb of Julius II, S. Pietro in Vincoli, Rome
  • concept of terribilita (sublime)
  • watchful and meditative pose suggests a man who can lead and have a powering wrath
  • horns signify divine favor God gave to Moses 
Term
[image]"Academy" Slaves
Definition
Michelangelo
1525
Marble
Tomb of Julius II
  • unfinished sculpture that provides insight into Micheangelo's working philosophy
  • Michelangelo believed every slab of marble contained a figure inside he had to free
  • every chisel to the marble suggest a confirmation to Michelangelo's belief in sculpture work 
Term
[image]Tomb of Giuliano de' Medici
Definition

Michelangelo

1519

Marble

S. Lorenzo, Florence

  • triangular formation of figures
  • no outright Christian imagery
    • replaced by the allegorical figures of Night and Day
    • Day (right) is a brooding figure whereas Night (left) is restless
  • uses reimaging of Brunelleschian architecture
  • later work 

 

Term
[image]Last Judgment
Definition
Michelangelo
1534
Fresco
Sistine Chapel, Vatican, Rome
  • spiritual agony expressed through extreme contortions of the human body
  • Christ is at the center of the wheel of action
  • nudity caused controversy with the church and after Michelangelo's death an assistant was comissioned to add cloth
  • Self-portrait of Michelangelo
    • Bartholomew holds human skin, whose face is Michelangelo's
    • represents Michelangelo's train of thought towards the end of his career 
Term
[image]Pieta (1546)
Definition
Michelangelo
Marble
  • Michelangelo includes a self-portrait in the form of the hooded Nicodemus
    • gives form to the idea of personal access to the divine
  • compared to his first pieta this is more emotional than aesthetically beautiful
    • resonates with a changing philosophy in Michelangelo's life
  • unfinished 
Term
[image]St. Francis in Ecstacy
Definition

Giovanni Bellini

1485

Oil and tempera on panel

  • stigmatization of St. Francis
    • St. Francis sees vision of Jesus in the sky and is so enthralled he has the wounds of Christ on his body
  • paintings of the subject usually include Christ-this does not
  • 1st time a complete landscape setting is seen
  • the presence of Christ is infered by the gold light resonating within the painting 

 

Term
[image]Madonna and Child with Saints
Definition
Giovanni Bellini
1505
Oil on panel
  • sacra conversazione
    • depiction of Madonna and Child admist saints
  • simpler and more powerful than Domenico's sacra conversazione
  • figures are more comfortably supported inside frame and create a more stable pyramid composition
  • instead of the figures being in conversation they are all deep in thought
Term
[image]The Tempest
Definition
Giorgione
1505
oil on canvas
  • the landscape, instead of figures, becomes more important in the painting
    • figures are physically smaller than the landscape
  • the beginning of a new art tradition
    •  
      • making pictorial equivalents of poetry instead of narratives
  • signal of Venecian art where color and light were more valued 
 
Term
[image]Fete Champtre
Definition
Giorgione (sometimes attributed to Titian)
1509
Oil on Canvas
  • the women in the painting are Muses
    • rendered in soft chiaroscuro (light-dark)
  • landscapes moves from light to dark passages
  • the painting evokes a mood rather than a story 
Term
[image]Bacchanal
Definition
Titian
1518
Oil on Canvas
  • subject is the mythical story of they people from the island of Andros
  • landscape is rich in warm and cool tones
  • figures are active and muscular
  • Titian sees mythical forms as part of the natural world, not statues but actual humans 
Term
[image]Portrait of a Man with a Glove
Definition
Titian
1520
Oil on Canvas
  • soft outline and deep shadows
    •  
      • Giorgione-like
  • dark and moody picture 
Term
[image]Pesaro Madonna
Definition
Titian
1526
Oil on Canvas
  • off center composition with intersection diagonal lines
  • Virgin and St. Peter turn to the donor
  • elevated columns represent the gateway to heaven
  • every figure, except for kneeling donor, is in motion 
Term
[image]Venus of Urbino
Definition
Titian
1538
  • painting may have been intended for a wedding
    • women in the background searching in a cassone
    • lapdog
  • the subject of the painting is making eye contact with the viewer
  • use of color records the various textures of the woman's skin
    • may suggest a more erotic painting
  • lapdog=symbol of faith 
Term
[image]Pope Paul III and his Grandsons
Definition
Titian
1546
Oil on canvas
  • Pope is portrayed as intelligent, frail, and sly
    •  
      • contrast to Raphael's portrait
  • more linear painting with an emphasis on the outline of the figures 
Term
[image]Danae
Definition
Titian
1544
Oil on canvas
  • mythical representation
    • Jupiter tries to seduce Danae in a shower of gold
  • in the painting the gold glow is actually painted in gold
  • Danae's skin has a soft glowing quality 
Term
Pieta (Titian)[image]
Definition
1576
Canvas
  • Old Testament and New Testament are represented in the painting by the statues of Moses and the cross
  • displays Titian's late style of loose and free sketchy style of painting
  • luminous picture with the illusion of atmospheric gold 
Term
[image]Descent from the Cross
Definition
Rosso Fiorentino
1521
Oil on panel
  • ln comparison with Masaccio's "Trinity" the painting is less stable
  • all the figures appear on the same plane
  • every figure except Christ are emotionally charged and tormented
  •  
Term
[image]Deposition
Definition
Jacopo Pontormo
1526
Oil on Panel
  • resemblance to Michelangelo's first pieta in terms of the position of Jesus and Mary
    • difference is there is a sense of a movement away from each other
  • no indication of setting
  • overexaggerated depiction of bodies
    • small heads, long limbs, large hips on women
      • emphasized by draping
 
Term
[image]Self-Portrait
Definition
Parmigianino
1524
Oil on panel
  • resembles the composition of a mirror/fish-eye view
  • elongated hand
    • a distinctive feature of his painting style
  • he seems eternally young
  • demonstrates skill at what the eye can see 
Term
[image]Madonna of the Long Neck
Definition
Parmigianino
1535
Oil on panel
  • the painting is very elegant with an idealized Virgin
  • the Virgin exhibits enormous hips and a sort of airy and boneless hand
  • clingy and transparent dress on the Virgin
  • the position of the Virgin and Child are reminiscent of the position in the Pieta
    • foreshadowing of the pieta 
Term
[image]Allegory of Venus
Definition
Agnolo Bronzino
1546 
Oil on panel
  • hard, sharp, and linear painting
  • very allegorical and mythical painting
    • incentuous relationship between Mother (Venus) and son (Cupid)
    • Pleasure (half girl, half serpent) handing honeycomb
    • Father time pulls back the curtain
      • suggest you know it all in time
 
Term
Portrait of Eleanora of Toledo and her son Giovanni de' Medici[image]
Definition
Agnolo Bronzino
1550
Oil on panel
  • shows the continuity of the Medici dynasty by the inclusion of the male heir in the painting
  • Eleanora's dress and jewelery denote her of wealth and status
  • close correlation with the position of Madonna and Child
    • light blue around Eleanora's head suggests a halo
  • movement to a distant impersonable portrait 
Term
[image]Saltcellar of Francis I
Definition
Benvenuto Cellini
1540
gold with enamel
  •  Cellini's sole surviving metalwork
  • because salt is from the sea and pepper is from the Earth the container is protected by Neptune
Term
[image]Rape of the Sabine Women
Definition
Giambologna
1583
Marble
  • subject is from Roman myth
    • A band of men invaded a neighboring island and tricked the women into procreating for them
  • significant due to the fact that three contrasting figures are united in one action
  • wanted to carve a composition that could be seen from all sides 
Term
[image]Assumption of the Virgin
Definition
Correggio
1522
Fresco
Duomo, Parma
  • painted in the interior of a dome
    • creates the illusion that the dome converts to the sky
  • Virgin in the fresco is deeply foreshortened
  • a stepping stone to 17th Century art
 
 
Term
[image]Jupiter and Io
Definition
Correggio
1532
oil on canvas
  • based on a myth where Jupiter had an affair with the nymph Io and masked himself as different forms in order to hide it
  • human features are seen in the clouds
  • right corner of the painting is the outline of a stag
    • Christian iconography that is seen in Early Christian Art
    • concept is the human heart is longing for God as a stag longs for fresh water 
Term
Christ in the House of Levi[image]
Definition
Paolo Veronese
1573
oil on canvas
  • originally supposed to be named the "Last Supper" but after being put through tribunal Veronese changed name to "Christ in the House of Levi"
  • Christ is the center of the composition
  • as opposed to di Vinci's this scene is much more populous and impersonalized
  • added details of everyday life for a new sense of reality 
Term
[image]Last Supper
Definition
Jacopo Tintorretto
1592
oil on canvas
  • significant part of painting is the turning of the table at an angle
    • Christ is still placed on the veritcal axis
  • Christ's halo is much larger than all the apostles
  • depicts the breaking of the bread
  • Christ has a priestly stature
  • light is important theme
    • oil lamp
      • angels forms coming out of clouds 
 
Term
[image]Burial of Count Orgaz
Definition
El Greco
1586
oil on canvas
  • emphasized the church's position that art work require salvation and saints serve as intercessors with heaven
  • the burial happened in 1323 but El Greco displays it as a contemporary event, including current officials
  • color is a big player in the painting
    • top tier group is colored differently than the bottom tier group. 
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