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Definition
| Jesus' reluctance to have news of his miracles spread abroad |
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| The seventh day of the Jewish week, sacred to Yahweh and dedicated to rest and worship |
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| non canonical Gospel written by supposedly by james. Accounts of Jesus parents and family especially Mary (Jesus' mother) |
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| Non-canonical gospel that provides a fictional account of Jesus' youth. |
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The language of Arameans (Syrian).
A Galilean dialect of Aramaic is probably the language Jesus spoke |
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| A theological concept about the ultimate destiny of humanity and the universe. |
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| meaning to uncover or to reveal. A literature that puports to foretell the future in terms of symbols and mystical vision and deals primarily with eschatological events |
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| A branch of prophetic wrting that flourished in Judaism. Distigushed by cryptic language, symbolic imagery, and the expectation of an imminent cosmic catrosphe in which the forces of good defeat the powers of evil. |
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| Ancient Mesopotamian symbol of rejuvenation or immortality. |
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Definition
| A 1,000 year epoch. The period of Christ's universal reign during which Satan will be chained and the dead resurrected. |
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Definition
| New testament book attributed to Paul but probably not written by him |
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Term
| Destruction of the second temple: (date) |
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Definition
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Term
| Maccabean/Hasmonean Revolt: (date) |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Reign of King David: (date) |
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Definition
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| Reign of King Josiah: (date) |
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Definition
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Term
| Babylonian Captivity: (date) |
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Definition
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| Alexander the Great(date) |
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| 4-5 BC. Around the time when Herod dies. (according to my notes from class this was 6-4 BCE) |
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Definition
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| Reign of Domitian: (date) |
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Definition
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| Writing of Paul’s letters(date) |
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Definition
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Term
| Nero’s persecution: (date) |
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Definition
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| Creation of Gospel of Mark(date) |
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Definition
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Term
| Writing of Revelation: (date) |
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Definition
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Term
| Writing of 2 Peter: (date) |
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Definition
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Term
| Festal letter of Athanasius(date) |
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Definition
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| Deaths of Peter and Paul (date) |
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Definition
| 64-65 CE, under Nero’s persecution |
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Term
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| Noah: Chosen one by Yahweh to build a wooden houseboat containing pairs of all living creatures to survive the flood. Yahweh made an everlasting covenant that he will never destroy man kind in this manner |
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Definition
| Great Hebrew lawgiver, religious reformer, founder of Israelite nation, and central figure of the Pentateuch (NOTE: This could use more info) |
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| daughter of Jethro and Moses’ wife |
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Definition
| Abraham: the founder of the Hebrew nation. He travels to Canaan, which is to be the promise land for the descendants who are going to be the nation of Israel. Yahweh tells him to sacrifice his only son and he was about to but god intervenes and that strengthens the covenant of his decedents to become numerous. |
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| nephew of Abraham, invited angels to stay in his home, the angels helped him escape the city of Sodom before the city was destroyed, fathered the nations of Moab and Ammon by incest with his 2 daughters. |
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Definition
| the son of Nun, an Ephramite, means “Yahweh is salvation”; Moses’ military assistant, in charge of the Tabernacle, one of the two spies optimistic about Israel’s prospects of conquering Canaan; chosen to succeed Moses; led the Israelites across Jordan; captured Jericho and ‘Ai; warred against the Canaanite kings; alotted the land to various tribes and made a covenant with Yahweh and the people |
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Definition
| older brother of Moses. Son of Amram the Levite. Spoke to Pharaoh on behalf of Moses because he had a speech problem |
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Definition
| daughter of Amram and Jochebed, older sister of Aaron and Moses; brought mother to nurse the infant Moses after he was found and adopted by the pharaohs daughter; led victory celebration after crossing of the Sea of Reed |
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Definition
| Enoch: doesn’t die, said to walk with God, pre-flood, has divine insight, Son of Cain or Jared, father of Methuselah and said that god took him to heaven and without death |
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Definition
| Rahab: a prostitute of Jericho, possibly a priestess in a Canaanite fertility cult, who hid Israelite spies and spared her city’s destruction |
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Definition
| Elijah: defended the worship of Yahweh over that of the more popular Baal, he raised the dead, brought fire down from the sky, and ascended into heaven in a chariot and horses of flame |
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Definition
| Samuel: Israel’s last judge. He was a prophet and seer who also preformed priestly functions. Became the single greatest influence in Israel’s transition from the tribal confederacy to monarchy under Saul, whom he annointed king, but later rejected in favor of David. |
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| Jezebel: daughter of King Ethbaal of Tyre and wife of King Ahab; promulgated Baal worship in Israel and persecuted Yahweh’s prophets; Elijah predicted her shameful death; a prophecy fulfilled when Jehu threw her body to the dogs to eat during his bloody purge of Ahab’s dynasty |
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| Judith: widow who morns her husband’s death, hears bad talk about God and tells them to stop, cuts off head of Holofernes. |
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Definition
| Saul: 1st king of Israel; defeated the Ammonites and Philistines; lost support after refusing to kill the Amalekite King; became jealous of David |
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| David: he was a musician a poet and is seen as the role model for kings. Was very loved by the people. Expanded Israel’s boundaries to their greatest extent. |
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| Bathsheba: wife of Uriah a soldier under king David, king David had sex with her and then had her husband killed by sending him to the front line, her son became Solomon, she conspired to have him in the throne. |
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| Nathan: son of David; a prophet and political counselor at David’s court who enunciated the concept of an everlasting Davidic dynasty; denounced the king for his adultery with Bathsheba; revealed Adonijah’s plan to seize power, helped Solomon succeed to David’s throne; and is credited with writing a history of David’s and Solomon’s reigns |
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Definition
| Solomon: Son of David and Bathsheba. Israel’s third king who inherited the throne. Built and dedicated Yahweh’s Temple in Jerusalem. |
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Definition
| Gideon: a warrior for the Jewish people that leads only 300 men against the indianite’s to show gods mighty power ,the people offer him kingship but rejects it saying that god is their only leader. the also chose the 300 men by seeing who drinks like dogs and who kneels, the ones who kneeled are chosen. |
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Definition
| Jeroboam: led the 10 northern tribes’ secession from the Davidic monarchy and became the first ruler of the northern kingdom. He reigned from 922 to 901 BCE. |
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Definition
| Hezekiah: Son of Ahaz; King of Judah, ruled during Assyrian crisis, his reign was notable for the prophetic careers of Isaiah and Micah and religious reform. |
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Definition
| Josiah: King of Judah. In the genealogy of Jesus. Ruled at the age of 8. Temple was reformed under his rule. |
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Definition
| Manasseh: The elder son of Joseph and the Egyptian Asenath |
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Definition
| Job: endured great trials and distress as a result of Satan. God allowed him to be tested. His family was killed, possessions taken away. He still praised God through it all and had everything restored at the end. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ecclesiastes: wisdom literature, nothing is certain in life except death and Shaal. Word means community. |
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Definition
| \Proverbs: practical wisdom literature; largely non-religious; often personified wisdom; usually addressed as a father instructing his son; final chapter is acrostic and praises the ideal wife. |
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Definition
| Psalms: Sacred songs or poems used in praise or worship of the Deity, particularly those in the Book of Psalms. |
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Definition
| during Assyrian threat, counsels isolation, trust in Yahweh, and promises |
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Term
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Definition
| Ezekiel: a major prophet, who was exiled to Babylon and With Ezekiel you have a pollution to temple cults , people are worshiping wrong, God is going to send an angelical being that will go down and mark the people who are worshiping right. He also describes how god literally leaves the temple, so that now they will fall because god is no longer there |
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Definition
| Jeremiah: during babylonian crisis, counsels submission, begins during regin of Josiah, call for social justice- failing the Mosaic covenant, “unpatriotic prophet”, promises new covenant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hosea: prophet during Assyrians before the North Kingdom, married a prostitute who was unfaithful but he still loved his wife; became a metaphor for God and his people. |
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Definition
Ten Commandments:.
1. Worship one god
2. Don’t use the lords name in vein
3. Keep holy the Sabbath
4. Honor mom and dad
5. Don’t kill
6. Don’t commit adultery
7. Don’t steal
8. Don’t bear false witness against your neighbor
9. Don’t covet your neighbor’s wife
10. Don’t covet your neighbors goods |
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Term
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Definition
| the Flood: A global deluge of Noah’s day based on acient Mesopotamian flood stories akin to that found in the Epic of Gilamesh and later used as a protype of world judgement and destruction |
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Term
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Definition
| Exodus: the escape of the Israelites from Egypt under Moses leadership |
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Term
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Definition
| Dead Sea Scrolls: A collection of different document that include the same stories from the Hebrew bible but also have many more extra documents that go back in time and are associated with a certain community which left Jerusalem because of the corruption they saw, they even wrote some of the documents |
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Term
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Definition
| Sacred Ban: A policy of holy war that required the mass slaughter of all defeated peoples. |
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Term
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Definition
| Covenant Noah: that god will never destroy the world by flood again, and to remind himself he will make rainbows |
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Term
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Definition
| Covenant Abraham: God promised to bless his descendants and make them His own special people -- in return, Abraham was to remain faithful to God and to serve as a channel through which God's blessings could flow to the rest of the world. |
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Term
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Definition
| Covenant David: David and his descendants were established as the royal heirs to the throne of the nation of Israel. |
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Term
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Definition
| Covenant Moses: he covenant blessings were conditional on Israel's obedience to the law as given by God to Moses. Israel's obedience to the law would bring manifold blessings from God in that the nation would prosper and thrive. Their disobedience to the law would bring discipline and judgment from God. |
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Term
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Definition
| the Law: The Torah (meaning teaching) or Pentateuch, the first five books of the Bible containing the legal material traditionally ascribe by Moses |
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Term
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Definition
| Yom Kippur: “Day of Atonement”. Annual Jewish observance when Israel’s High Priest offered blood sacrifices to reconcile the collective guilt of the people with the Deity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Passover: Annual Jewish observance commemorating Israel’s last night of bondage in Egypt |
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Term
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Definition
| Purim: Jewish nationalistic festival held on 14th and 15th days of Adar and based on events in the Book of Esther |
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Definition
| Assyria: The empire that dominated the Near East from the eleventh to the seventh century BCE and whose leaders destroyed in 721BCE. It was destroyed by a coalition of Babylonians and Medes in 612 BCE |
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Definition
| a nation that held and enslaved the isralites for 430 years until god heard his people and had moses lead them out after he gave the Egyptians the ten plagues. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gilgamesh: Gilgamesh and his partner Enkidu, Enkidu is a wild man created by the gods as Gilgamesh's equal to distract him from oppressing the citizens of Uruk. Together they undertake dangerous quests that incur the displeasure of the gods.. they kill the Bull of Heaven that the goddess Ishtar has sent to punish Gilgamesh for rejecting her advances.The latter part of the epic focuses on Gilgamesh's distressed reaction to Enkidu's death, which takes the form of a quest for immortality. Gilgamesh attempts to learn the secret of eternal life by undertaking a long and perilous journey to meet the immortal flood hero, Utnapishtim |
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Term
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Definition
| Akhenaten: Egyptian Pharoah (1364-1347 BCE) Altered the state religion to worship the solar deity Aton, and outraged the priests of the former state deity Amun. |
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Definition
| Ramses II: Ruler of Egypt who many scholars think was pharoah of Exodus while Moses was alive. Built 2 major cities. |
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Definition
| Cyrus the Great: founder of the Persian empire and conquered of Babylon, he liberated the Jews and let them go back to their promise land and encouraged the rebuilding of the temple |
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Definition
| Theocracy: Society ruled by God. Intermediary are the priest,divinely king and religious leaders |
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Term
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Definition
| Theodicy: The study on why God allows evil |
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Term
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Definition
| Monotheism: Belief on the existence of one God. |
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Definition
| he Temple: The imposing structure built by King Solomon on Mount Zion. Authorized center for sacrafices and workship of Yahweh. |
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Term
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Definition
| Herod (the Great): Roman-appointed king of Judea; ruled when Jesus was born. completely restructured the Jerusalem Temple and was known for his cruelty. |
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Definition
| Emperor Augustus: First emperor of Rome; brought peace to the Roman Empire after centuries of civil war. |
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Definition
| Emperor Tiberius: second emperor of Rome (Agustus’ stepson). |
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Definition
| Gamaliel: A leading Pharisee, scholar, teacher to Paul, and argued for a policy of toleration toward the new religion preached by Peter and the other apostles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gentile: Someone who is not a Jew, an uncircumsized belong to the other nations. |
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Definition
| Pharisees: Leading religious movement in Judaism during the last two centuries BCE. Emphasis on the observance of the Law |
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Term
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Definition
| Melchizedek: The king-priest of Cannanite Salem to whom Abraham paid a tenth of his spoils of war. cited by the author of Hebrews as a foreshadowing Jesus Christ. |
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Term
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Definition
| John the Baptist: A priest. John was an ascetic who preached the imminence of judgement and baptized converts in the Jordan Riveras a symbol of their repetance from sin. He baptized Jesus and recognised his superiority. |
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Term
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Definition
| Parables: A short fictional narrative that compares something familiar to an unexpected spiritual value. Using a common place object or event to illustrate a spiritual principle was Jesus’ typical method of teaching in the Synoptic Gospel |
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Definition
| Synoptic Gospels: The first three Gospels, so named caused they share a large quantity of materiel in common allowing their texts to be viewed together “with one eye” |
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Term
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Definition
| Synoptic Problem: The scholarly term for the question of relationship- the nature of the literary interdependence of the first three Gospel: Matthew, Mark and Luke. Most scholars believe that Matthew and Luke are expanded editions of Mark |
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Term
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Definition
| Q: “Quelle” German for “source”. Hypothetical document scholars believe contained a collection of Jesus’ sayings. It is thought to be a source that both Matthew and Luke drew from. |
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Term
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Definition
| Source Criticism: attempts to separate larger chunks of the Bible and connect the different stories t one another (two very similar stories from different sources/authors). |
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Term
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Definition
| Genre Criticism: reading something differently depending on how itis written and what styles it’s written in (poetry, biography, literature, etc.). |
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Term
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Definition
| Form Criticism: Looks at smaller pieces of the Bible; tries to get back to the building blocks of the small stories from when they were told orally. |
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Term
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Definition
| Redaction Criticism: Looks and edits how all the stories are made and put together in order to tell a bigger story. |
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Definition
| Gospel of Thomas: A collection of about 114 saying attributed to Jesus and supposedly the work of his disciple Didymus Judas Thomas. Found in Egypt in 1945, contains coptic language; dates as early as the last part of the 1st century. |
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Definition
| Passion: Term used to denote Jesus’ suffering and death. |
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Definition
| Holy Spirit: The presence of God active in human life, a concept more explicitly set forth in John 14:16-26, and in the Pentecost. The Hebrew Bible speaks of the “spirit of God.” IN post-New Testament times, the Holy Spirit was declared to be the third person in the trinity. |
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Definition
| Galilee: The region where Jesus grew up. It was under Roman control under Herod Antipas. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nazareth: a town in lower Galilee above the plain of Esdraelon where Jesus spent is youth and began his ministry. |
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Definition
| Jerusalem: an ancient Palestinian Holy city. Became King David’s capital after he had captured it from the Jebusites. Solomon centralized the worship of Yahweh on a hill called Zion there and Jerusalem remained the capital of Judah after the seccession of the northern tribes. The city suffered 3 major destructions: in 587 BCE when the Babylonians razed Solomon’s temple; in 70 CE when the Romans destroyed the city and its Herodian Temple; and in 135 CE when the Romans decimates the city for the last time. |
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Definition
| Bethlehem: Near Jerusalem where David was born and where Samuel secretly anointed him King of Israel. It was to be the Messiah’s birth place. |
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Definition
| Gethsemane: The site of the garden or orchard on the Mount of Olives where Jesus took his disciples after the Last Supper; the place were he was arrested. |
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Definition
| Christ: From the Greek Christos, a translation of the Hebrew mashiah meaning “anointed one.” The Messiah or Christ was to be the kingly descendant of David. |
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Term
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Definition
| Satan: In Hebrew Bible it appears as a prosecutor in heavenly court among “the sons of God” and later as tempter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Exorcism: The act or practice of expelling demons or evil spirits from a person or place. |
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Definition
| Baptism: A religious ceremony first associated with John the Baptist and preformed on the converts in the infant Christian community. Baptism may have derived from ritual cleansings with water practiced by the Essenes, from Pharisees’ use of it as a conversion alternative to circumcision, or from initiation rites into Hellenism mystery religions. In Christianity, it is the ceremony of initiation into the church, performed either by total immersion in water or by pouring water on the head. |
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Definition
| Eucharist: Greek meaning “thanksgiving”/”gratitude.” Name for the Christian ceremony of consecrated bread and wine that Jesus initiated at the Last Supper. |
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Term
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Definition
| Circumcision: an operation that is done to 8 day old babies to initiate them into the religion and community of Israel. |
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Term
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Definition
| Josephus: Jewish historian whose 2 major work, “Antiquities of the Jews” and “Jewish wars” provide valuable background material for first century Judaism and the early Christian period |
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Term
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Definition
| Philo: Philo Judaeus was the most influential philosopher of Hellenistic Judaism, he was a Greek-educated Jew living in Alexandria, Egypt who promoted a method of interpreting the Hebrew Bible allegorically which may have influenced Paul. His doctrine of the Logos shaped the prologue of the Gospel of John. |
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Definition
| Sadducees: an ultra conservative Jewish sect of the first century CE composed largely of the wealthy and politically influential land owners. Unlike the Pharisees, the Sadducees apparently recognized only the Torah as the binding and rejected the Prophets and the Writings, denying both resurrection and judgement in the afterlife. An aristocracy controlling the priesthood and the temple, they cooperated with the Roman rule of Palestine, a collusion that made them unpopular with common people. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lazarus: Brother of Mary and Martha, a resident of Bethany whom Jesus restored to life. Also the beggar referred to in Jesus’ parable of rewards and punishment in the afterlife. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mary Magdalene: First to see the empty tomb. Traditions say she was a reformed prostitute. |
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Term
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Definition
| Theophilus: The unknown man the Gospel of Luke and Book of Acts are addressed to. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the seven angels in the Hebrew hierarchy, explained Daniel’s visions, and announced the births of Jesus and John the Baptist in the Book of Luke. |
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Term
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Definition
| Michael: “Spirit Prince” angel of the Book of Daniel, leads the war against the dragon (Satan) in the Book of Revelation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Zechariah: Judean priest, husband of Elizabeth, father of John the Baptist. |
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Term
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Definition
| Elizabeth: Mother of John the Baptist |
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Term
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Definition
| Beloved Disciple: Unnamed disciple “whom Jesus Loved”. In the Book of John he is described as having a more intimate relationship with Jesus than Peter or any other follower. Traditionally thought to be John. |
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Term
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Definition
| John of Patmos: Author of Revelation, exiled to the Island of Patmos. Had visions of heaven and end time. Not John the apostle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Logos: (Greek) “word” or “reason”; Rational principle that creates and informs the universe. In fourth gospel about prehuman Jesus: “the Word became flesh and dwelt among us”. |
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Term
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Definition
| Incarnation: Christian doctrine asserting that the Son of God became flesh, the man Jesus of Nazareth, to reveal the divine will to humanity. From the Book of John, referred to Paul’s letters. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gnosticism: A movement in early Christianity which taught that salvation was gained through special knowledge revealed through a spirtual savior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Docetism: Belief that Jesus was a pure spirit and only appeared to be physically human. Usually associated with Gnostics. |
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Term
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Definition
| “Apostle”: A person sent forth or commissioned as a messenger, such as the Twelve whom jesus selected to follow him |
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Term
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Definition
| Jerusalem Church: According to Luke-Acts, the original center of christianity from which the “new way” spread to “the ends of the earth” |
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Term
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Definition
| Martyr: A “witness” for Christ who prefers to die rather than relinquish their faith. Stephen is considered the first Christian martyr, stoned by Saul of Tarsus |
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Term
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Definition
| Saul of Tarsus: Name Paul was known by before his conversion on the road to Damascus, according to Acts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hebrews: Its author is not known.The primary purpose of the Letter to the Hebrews is to exhort Christians to persevere in the face of persecution. The central thought of the entire Epistle is the doctrine of the Person of Christ and his role as mediator between God and humanity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Philemon: a prison letter to Philemon from Paul of Tarsus. Philemon was a leader in the Colossian church. This letter, which is one of the books of the New Testament, deals with forgiveness. It is now generally regarded as one of the undisputed works of Paul. It is the shortest of Paul's extant letters, consisting of only 335 words in the original Greek text and 25 verses in modern English translations. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 Thessalonians: The first letter to the Thessalonians was likely the first of Paul's letters, probably written by the end of AD 52,making it, so far as is now known, the oldest extant Christian document. Most New Testament Scholars believe Paul wrote this letter from Corinth, although information appended to this work in many early manuscripts state that Paul wrote it in Athens after Timothy had returned from Macedonia, with news of the state of the church in Thessalonica. For the most part, the letter is personal in nature, with only the final two chapters spent addressing issues of doctrine, almost as an aside. Paul's main purpose in writing is to encourage and reassure the Christians there. Paul urges them to go on working quietly while waiting in hope for the return of Christ. |
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Term
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Definition
| Galatians: The ninth book of the New Testament. It is a letter from Paul of Tarsus to a number of Early Christian communities in the Roman province of Galatia in central Anatolia. The author is principally concerned with the controversy surrounding Gentile Christians and the Mosaic Law within Early Christianity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adam: The first man created by God. The story is told in Genesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Eve: The first woman created by God. She was created from the rib of Adam and was tempted by the serpent and ate the apple from the forbidden tree. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abraham: the founder of the Hebrew nation,he travels to canan which is to be the promise land for the decedant who are going to be the nation of Israel. Yaweh tells him to sacrifice his only and he was about to but god intervenes and that strengthens the covenant of his decedents to become numerous. |
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Term
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Definition
| Phoebe: A presiding officer or deaconess of the church at Cenchrae (a port of Corinth) whose good works are praised by Paul in his letter to the Romans. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antinomianism: Literally meaning “opponent of law,” the name applies to specific early Christian groups that argued the faith in Christ absolves the beleiver from obeying the moral law, a libertation attitude attack by Paul |
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Term
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Definition
| Syncretism: The blending of elements from different religions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dualism: A philosphical or religious system that posits the existence of two parallel worlds, one of physical matter and the other of invisible spirit. |
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Term
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Definition
| the Fall: In some Christian theologies, a term that denotes humanity’s loss of innocence and divine favor through Adam’s sin of disobedience. |
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Term
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Definition
| Original Sin: The theological concept declaring that the entire human race has inherited from the first man (Adam) a tendency to sin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Faith: In biblical terms the quality of trust, reliance on, and fidelity to God. |
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Term
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Definition
| Day of Judgment: A theological concept deriving from the ancient Hebrew belief that the Day of Yahweh would see Israel’s triumph and the destruction of its enemies. The day of coming retribution |
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Term
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| Day of Atonement: Annual Jewish observance in which Israel’s High Priest offered blood sacrifices to effect a reconciliation between the Deity and his people |
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| Day of Atonement: Annual Jewish observance in which Israel’s High Priest offered blood sacrifices to effect a reconciliation between the Deity and his people |
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| Onesimus: The runaway slave of Philemon of Colossae who Paul converted to Christianity and reconciled to his master. |
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| Anti-Christ:The ultimate enemy of Jesus Christ who according to Christan apocalyptic traditions, will manifest himself at the end of time to corrupt many of the faithful, only to vanquish when Christ appears |
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