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| In one's heart; how one comes to know God; internal |
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| Organization of people showing their faith, external, comes from religio meaning "awe/fear in the presence of a spirit/god" |
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| 3 Things a religion must have |
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Creed- beliefs, doctrine
Code- Morality, how to live
Cult- ritual, tradition |
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| A human being delivers the faith to people, a specific source EX. Abraham (Judaism) |
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| a revealer, spokes person for the god/religion, Ex. Jesus, Joseph Smith, Muhammed |
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| Christianity and Judaism as referred to by Muslims |
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| Revealed by Siddhartha Gautama, no deity, nirvana, perfection, The Buddha- The enlightened one, broke off from Hinduism |
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| Not revealed, indigenous, oldest religion, no beginning |
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| "the noble ones" migrants in Indus valley |
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| Slaves/Servants to Aryans |
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| Oldest Sacred Hindu text, understanding of the universe, orally before ever written, Includes: Rig Vedas- first and most important, Yajur Veda (knowledge of rites), Sama-Veda (knowledge of chants), Atharva Veda (knowledge given by sage Atharva to ward off evil, prayers) |
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| ritual materials, instructions for sacrifices and worshiping (part of the Vedas) |
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| last part of Vedas, philosophical material, mystical |
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| the preserver (manifested in Krishna and Ramo) |
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| reborn into someone/thing else, cycle of life, death, and rebirth, determined by karma |
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| drives reincarnation, determines how the person will be reborn, can be an animal or human, act out decisions made in past lives |
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| the soul wanders across into other times and bodies, life force doesn't die, |
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| goal of Hinduism, to break free from samsara and karma |
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| written between 300 BCE-CE, ethical and social standards, explains 4 varna (classes) |
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| duties, how to live life, outlined by the Law of Manu |
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| 4 Stages of Life of a Male Hindu |
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Student (Learn from elder/teacher/study Vedas)
Householder (marry within caste)
3/4- Hermit/Forest Dweller (meditation, break from earthly life) people come to you for advice |
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| connect the divine with the human |
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| reverse karma, detachment of soul from world |
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| Royal, control over mind and emotion |
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| A Hindu festival of lights, celebrates day universe was created |
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1) Ahimsa
2)Truthfulness
3)no stealing
4) avoid promiscuity
5)forgiveness 6)steadfastness/determination 7)compassion
8)honesty |
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| An ancient Sanskrit treatise on the art of love and sexual technique |
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| Holy, cleanses, connected to god(s), bathed in |
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| 4 different sects of Hinduism |
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Shaiva
Vaishnava
Shakta
Smarta |
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| the three most important Hindu gods: Shiva, Vishnu, Brahma |
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| not faith based, manipulation of nature, quick fix |
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| communicating with the divine, can be through an intermediary (priest) |
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| A natural object or animal believed by a particular society to have spiritual significance and adopted by it as an emblem, Native American and African |
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| spirit in everything (nature, animals, people), take only what you need |
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| A social or religious custom prohibiting or restricting a particular practice or forbidding association with a particular person, place, or thing |
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means "to make holy"
giving something up to show devotion, a gift to a deity, strengthens relationship, |
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| a ritual performed in some cultures at times when an individual changes status (as from adolescence to adulthood) |
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| An attempt to achieve a vision of a future guardian spirit, traditionally undertaken at puberty by boys |
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| cactus, hallucinogenic, smoked by Native Americans in worship |
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| believes god created the world and is no longer involved |
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| believes god created the world and is still heavily involved |
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| An outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems |
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| an ideology in which the God of Christianity is rejected but the moral teachings of Jesus are followed. |
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| female earth spirit and personification of nature in Native American religions |
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| High God, personal god, may not have a personality but be a divine/sacred power revealed in nature, humans, and the spirit world |
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| Great Spirit to the Sioux |
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| combines elements of Christianity and Nat. American religions |
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| Ancestry is most important to |
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| African Traditional Religions |
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| communicates the spirit world to people in ATR, respected, sought after |
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| -people have either a good or bad conscious based on whether he/she is doing the bidding of God or the Devil |
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| Religious Offices in ATR- Priest |
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| intermediary between tribe and a deity presides at altar |
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| Religious Offices in ATR- Healer |
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| diagnoses and treats mental/psychological/physical problems, more broad than a medical doctor, advises in all aspects of life, believe in the ancestors impact on life |
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| Religious Offices in ATR- Rain Maker |
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| bring about or stop rain by manipulating environment |
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| One god but there may be others (some ATR) each clan attributes itself to a specific god |
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| each deity has a specific trade/area (similar to Catholic patron saints) |
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| a pouring out of wine or other liquid in honor of a deity, or other gift onto soil |
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| priests are mounted/taken over by deities/spirits during ceremonies, speak in tongues, must be interpreted, brought on my music, dancing, drums |
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| creator responsible for the world, rituals and prayers, like a hero, teaches and provides subsistence to a tribe ex. crops grow- blessed by Great Spirit |
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| The Lakota and Dakota are |
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| creation theories in Nat. Am religions |
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| each tribe has a story, some believe animals evolved into humans, great connection/ respect for animals |
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| cosmology in Nat. Am. Religions |
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many layers like a tree,
roots- underground
trunk- natural world
top- sky world |
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| a person who acts as intermediary between the natural and supernatural worlds, using magic to cure illness, foretell the future, control spiritual forces, etc. |
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| sauna, sweat out impurities, men only, rituals of healing |
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| after an animal is killed N.A. try to appease the spirit of the animal and convince others to die in the future |
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| Native Americans view of prophets |
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| don't believe in, see it as a mockery of God |
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| dangerous spirits in ATR specifically in Uganda |
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| West African ethnic group whose religion strongly influences the development of African American religions |
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| East African ethnic group with a strong belief in the High God |
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| African religions functionary who heals by driving out evil spirits believed to cause sickness |
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| African American religion combining ATR and Christian beliefs |
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