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Religion in Society
Notes from the book Society: The Basics by John J. Macionis
23
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
12/12/2011

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Cards

Term
Profane
Definition
included as an ordinary element of everyday life
Term
Sacred
Definition
set apart as extraordinary, inspiring awe and reverence
Term
Religion
Definition
a social institution involving beliefs and practices based on recognizing the sacred
Term
Faith
Definition
belief based on conviction rather than on scientific evidence
Term
Totem
Definition
an object in the natural world collectively defined as sacred
Term
Liberation Theology
Definition
the combining of Christian principles with political activism, often Marxist in character
Term
Church
Definition
a religious organization that is well integrated into larger society
Term
State Church
Definition
a church formally linked to the state
Term
Denomination
Definition
a church, independent of the state, that recognizes religious pluralism
Term
Sect
Definition
a religious organization that stands apart from the larger society
Term
Cult
Definition
a religious organization that is largely outside a society's cultural traditions
Term
Animism
Definition
the belief that elements of the natural world are conscious life forms that affect humanity
Term
Religiosity
Definition
the importance of religion in a person's life
Term
secularization
Definition
the historical decline in the importance of the supernatural and sacred
Term
Civil Religion
Definition
a quasi-religious loyalty linking individuals in basically secular society
Term
Fundamentalism
Definition
a conservative religious doctrine that opposes intellectualism and worldly accommodation in favor of restoring traditional, otherworldly religion
Term
Structural-Functional Analysis
Definition
1. Social cohesion
2. Social control
3. Providing meaning and purpose
Term
Symbolic-Interaction Analysis
Definition
religious rituals (marriage, symbols, holidays, prayer, etc.)
Term
Social-Conflict Analysis
Definition
social inequality
Term
Types of Religious Organizations
Definition
church, sect, cult
Term
New Age Seekers
Definition
1. believe in a higher power
2. believe we're all connected
3. believe in a spirit world
4. want to experience the spirit world
5. pursue transcendence
Term
Transcendence
Definition
rise above the physical world (yoga, meditation, prayer, etc.)
Term
Fundamentalist (5 characteristics)
Definition
1. take the words of sacred texts literally
2. reject religious pluralism
3. pursue the personal experience of God's presence
4. oppose "secular humanism"
5. (many) endorse conservative political goals.
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