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- the study of human societies as systemic sums of their parts, as integrated wholes
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- descriptive study human societies
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- Speaking or writing about cultures in the present tense although what is described might no longer exist
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- the study of a society using concepts that were developed outside of the culture
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- the study of a society through the eyes of the people being studied
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- using ones own culture as the basis for interpreting and judging other cultures
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- attempting to analyze and understanding cultures other than one's own without judging them in terms of one's own culture
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- an emphasis on subjectivity over objectivity and a tendency towards reflexivity, or self-conciousnes; all knowledge is seen as bein a human construction that scholars must seek to deconstruct
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- a philosophical movement based on ideas of rationality, objectivity, reason, and science as the means of gaining knowledge, truth and progress
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- human beliefs and behaviours of a society that are learned, transmitted from one generation to the next, and shared by a group of people
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- a shared understanding about the meaning of certain words, attributes, or objects; something that stands for something else
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- a definition in which we define our terms so that they are observable and measurable, therefore can be studied
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- a definition that focuses on the way religion manifests itself or is expressed in a culture
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- a definition that is based on the role that religion plays in a society
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- a definition that looks at the essential nature of religion
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- entities and actions that transcend the natural world of cause and effect
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- an attitude wherin the subject or object is set apart from the normal, everyday world and is entitled to reverence and respect
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- the realm of culture that concerns the sacred supernatural
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- an approach that focuses on the questions of when and how religion began and how it developed through time
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- a philosophy that emphasizes empiricism, or observing and measuring, saying that the only real knowledge is scientific knowledge and any knowledge beyond that is impossible
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- belief in an impersonal supernatural power
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- an approach that is based on the function or role that religion plays in scociety
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- a set of beliefs shared by members of a social group that function to limit the natural selfishness of individuals and promote social cooperation
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- an approach to the study of religion that is concerned with the relationship between culture and between society and individual
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- the processes of the human brain, including perception, attention, learning, memory, concept formation, problem solving
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- the idea that the nature of the supernatural is unknowable, it is as impossible to prove the nonexistence of the supernatural as it is to prove its existence
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| a sacred story that provides the basis for religious beliefs and practices |
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- the way in which a society percieves and interprets its reality
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- a story that establishes the proper organization and rules of behaviour in society
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- inborn elements of the unconscious that are manifested in dreams and myths
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- the main character of the collective unconscious
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- a god who gave humans important things or skills, often by accident or through trickery
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- a theme common to many myths that tells of the adventure of a culture here
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- the ability to use symbols to refer to things and activities that are remote from the user
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- a shared understanding about the meaning of certain words, attributes, or objects; something that stands for something else
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- a feature of symbols; the ability to create new symbols
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- a symbol formed by two lines crossing at right angles with their ends bent at right angles in a clockwise or counterclockwise position
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- a word that is derived from the first letter of a series of words
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- a pipe or tube that connects a tomb to a temple through which the spirit of the deceased may travel into the temple
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- belief that humans are set off from the animal world
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- form of female genital cutting
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- Scar formation at the site of a cut or wound
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- a ritual that is performed on a regular basis as part of a religious calendar
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- a religious system that assigns different plant and animal species to specific social groupand postulates a relationship between the group and the species formed during the period of creation
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- a symbol or emblem that stands for a social unit
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- a type of ritual whose purpose is to aid the survival and reproduction of a totem plant or animal
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- a fusing of traits from two cultures to form something new and yet premitting the retention of the old by subsuming the old into a new form
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- a musical instrument that is struck, shaken, or rubbed such as a rattle and bell
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- a musical instrument that incorporates a taut membrane or skin such as a drum
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- a musical instrument with taut strings that can be plucked or strummed, hit or sawed such as a harp
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- a musical instrument in which air is blown across or into some type of passageway, such as a pipe; includes whistles and flutes
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- a ritual that a diety or religious authority requires to be performed
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| Situational or crisis ritual |
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- a ritual that arises spontaneously, frequently in times of crisis
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| Periodic or calendrical ritual |
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- a ritual that is performed on a regular basis such as part of a religious calendar
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- a ritual that is performed when a particular need arises
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- a ritual that atempts to influence or control nature, especially in those situations that affect human activities and well being
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| Hunting and gathering rites intensification |
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- a ritual whose purpose is to influence nature in the quest for food
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- a ritual that is performed at the start of or during a dangerous activity to protect the particpants or to protect the community against disaster
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- a ritual that is used for the purpose of divination
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- the anthropological study of the use of plant material, especially healing
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- a ritual that delineates codes of proper behaviour, promotes community solidarity, articulates the community's worldview, and assists the community in managing crisis
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| Social rite of intensification |
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- a type of ideological ritual that functions to reinforce the belief system and the values of the society, performed as a periodic ritual or an occasional ritual in times of stress
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- a ritual that occurs when an individual changes status, serving to legitimize the new status and to imprint it on the community's collective memory
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- a social position that is defined in terms of appropriate behaviour, rights and obligations, and its relationship to other statuses
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- the first phase of a rite of passage in which an individual is removed from his or her former status
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- the second phase of a rite of passage during which a person is in a liminal state and is moved from one status to another
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- the final stage of a rite of passage in which the individual is reintroduced to the community in his or her new status
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- the state of ambiguous marginality that characterizes the transition phase of a rite of passage
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- a state characterized by a sense of equality, community and camaraderie
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- a social group that contains members of one sex within a specific age span
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- a series of consecutive statuses defined by age
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- a surgical procedure characteized by removal of the clitoris as well as parts or all of the labia minora
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- a surgical procedure performed on women that involves the complete removal of the clitoris and the labia minora and majora, two sides of the wound then being stitched together, leaving a small opening
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- a ritual that is associated with a revitalization movement
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- a journey to a sacred place or a sequence of a sacred spaces at which rituals are performed
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- Objects and persons that are off limits and are thereby segregated. May also refer to certain behaviours that wpuld bring about negative consequences through supernatural means
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- an impersonal supernatural force
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- religion developsgroup loyalties
- religion is not a change agent in society; it resists, opposes change
- society is evolving
- society generates religion
- religion strengthens society
- they evolve together
- religion always reflects society “a religion is a unified system if beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden- beliefs and practice which unite into one moral community called a church, all those who adhere to them”·
- “a religion is a unified system if beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden- beliefs and practice which unite into one moral community called a church, all those who adhere to them”
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- 3 key aspects to economic traditionalism: loth(laziness), custom, tradition or habit, recklessness
- 3 types of authority: traditional, rational-legal, charismatic
- types of religious leaders: Priest, Prophet
- Types of Religious Organizations:church, sect
- Theodicy of disprivlege explains why a person is poor, why people are poor
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