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| "Way of the spirits." Umbrela term for religious happenings in Japan before contact with the Asian continent |
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| Attributing supernatural powersto natural things and treating them accordingly. Humanizing nature in order to relate to it. Relates to Kami... |
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Refers to individual dieties. Also refers to power of the cosmos. Four types: Natural phenomena Clan Dieties Heroes Awe inspiring natural objects |
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| a source of Shintoism (circa 712). Written in proto-Japanese. Records the mythology of the gods, creation of Japan, stories of the first emperors of Japan. Creation myths. |
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| Stories of a cosmology's origination by mythical/supernatural creation. (ties to Kojiki) |
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Kami of the Sun. Rules the heavens and sky, responsible for agriculture. Other kami make fun of her, so she goes into hiding. They feel bad, put on a big festival to lure her out, hang a mirror on a gate (torii) to catch her fancy. Mirror becomes physical representaion of kami. |
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| A gate commonly found at the entrance of Shinto shrines. Marks the transition from the spiritual world, or sacred place, to the normal world. |
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| "Expedient means." New ways of teaching the Buddha's message becomes new schools. Buddhism begins to change. |
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| The historical Buddha for our time and place. Many other Buddhas. |
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| One who has chosen to deny entering nirvana in order to be continually reborn to help others. Ideal practitioner of Mahayana Buddism as opposed to arhat. |
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| Buddhism first enters Japan in 552. King of Paekche sends sculptures and scriptures to Japan. |
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| Creates first constitution in Japan in 604, Buddhism becomes basis of moral structure for governing the country. Japanese still required to worship the kami...He brings Korean Buddhism to Japan. |
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| "Buddha of the Sun," associated with Amaterasu. Comes to be viewed as an imperial ancestor. Central diety of Shingon Buddhism. Center of entire cosmos. Balancing relationship with Dainichi key to Shingon. |
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| Capital moves to Heian from Nara to disentangle from Buddhism. Heian Period (794-1185) seen as era of Tendai school. |
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| Left Nara to untangle from politics & emphasize vinaya. Establishes monastery on Mt. Hiei outside Heian 6 years prior to move. Goes to China, studies Lotus Sutra, comes back and establishes TENDAI BUDDHISM |
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| First/main site of Tendai Buddhism. Saicho required monks to study there for 12 years. No girls allowed. By 827 grew to over 1000 buildings. Becomes site of political power and becomes very corrupt and institutionalized. |
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| Sent to China same time as Saicho. Studied at Mt. Tiantai. Founder of Shingon Buddhism. Comes back and sets camp at Mt. Koya (also est. center at capital and gains imperial favor) |
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| Founded on Mt Koya. Tantric techniques ultimate expression of Buddhist teachings. Emphasizes power of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. |
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The start of it was tumultuous, warlords challenged imperial power. Shogun took over, establishes Shogunate. Moved capital to Kamakura, emperor becomes ritual head (remains in heian/kyoto). 1) tendai and shingon institutaions lose influence 2) Shogunate simplifies bureaucracy |
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| First after Eisai to go to China for Chan masters in 1223. Comes back in 1227, establishes Eihei-ji monastery outside Kyoto. Corrects what he views as a misunderstanding of Buddhism. Compiles teachings in Shobogenzo. "De-thinking thinking." |
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| "De-thinking thinking." Dogen's just sitting as practice. No distinction between practice and goal of practice, realization of goal of Buddha-hood. |
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Stems from different Chan lineages than Dogen. Comfortable with political power. Becomes advisors to warrior aristocracy. Focus on sets of koans and aesthetics. |
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| story, dialogue question, or statement in the history and lore of Chán (Zen) Buddhism, generally containing aspects that are inaccessible to rational understanding, yet may be accessible to intuition (in Rinzai Zen) |
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| Saicho (of Tendai) studied LS; major part of Tendai Buddhism. Buddhist text of Mahayana Buddhism. Nichiren believes solely in Lotus Sutra... |
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Degenerate age that signals the end of the world. Comes into Buddhism via India...Cosmological explanation. Nirvana impossible to attain due to adverse environment. (cosmos is not permenant) Pure Land Buddhism spread during this time. |
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"mindfulness of the Buddha." Refers to praise offered to Amida Buddha. Primary practice of Pure Land teaching. Known to be chanted 70,000. |
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| Japanese Pure Land School (founded by Honen). Becomes popular at all levels. Gained political influence. Leader exiled, after death all his shit was burned. |
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| Ordained at 15, goes to Mt. Hiei. Cant teach anything other than Lotus Sutra. Lotus Sutra was only true form of Buddhism, everything else bad. Chanting "Lotus Sutra" best practice. Soka Gakkai movement formed after his death. |
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A political and lay religious organization founded in Japan in 1930, based on the teachings of Nichiren Buddhist Sect. |
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| Feudal lords in Shogunate. Feudal system starts in Kamakura period |
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| Jesuit missionary (Spaniard) in 1540 converted the first Krishitans, Japanese Christians. Included both peasants and daimyos. Traveled through East Asia. |
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| Continued to take territories to unify country. Utilized new technologies for warfare (from Christians traders.) He wanted open trade, thus supoprted Krishitans. Forced to commit suicide in 1582. |
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| Ieyasu Tokugawa (1543-1616) |
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Unifies country under Shogunate. Initially welcomes foreign powers. Krishitan population spikes tremendously. Got to a certain point where religion must unify country, should be Shinto and Buddhism. 1614 anti-krishitan edict. Escalated after his death...led to fumie. |
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| Act of stepping on pictures of Mary or Jesus to renounce faith |
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| "lock up of country" 1633-1639. Rationale lies in fear. |
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| internal and external pressures to get open from isolationism. Commodore Perry comes in and forces them to open up in 1854. Opens 2 American ports, no mention of religion, other countries follow suit. |
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| In 1867 Tokugawa Shogunate officially surrendered power to the emperor Meiji. Emperor Meiji moved in, Edo renamed Tokyo. Under Meiji government, rapid aim to modernize Japan. |
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