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| refers to Hindu religion and life; it translates roughly as "eternal law" or "eternal virtue"...the eternal teaching |
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| can mean religion, universal law, application of universal law to Indian society, regulation of life through universal law, social responsibilites & duties, and the virtuous path of life. |
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| the sound of the universe and the sound emanating from all Brahman. symbol of hinduism |
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| the original source of all things and the composition of the cosmos in hinduism. Absolute reality; Macrocosmic soul (soul of the universe) |
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| often considered to be the creator of the world in hinduism. Emerged from Brahman. a creator god; Prajapati (lord of progeny). source of knowledge of what is and what is not |
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| the priestly caste in the Hindu caste system from the mouth of Purusha |
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| hindu protector of the world; the preserver. Maintains ultimate order ruling over all levels of existence. Holds Cakra (disc of world-power), mace, lotus, conch, and is standing on Sesa, the world snake. |
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| 7th avatar of vishnu; hero of the Ramayana. King of rightteousness who ruled over a golden age called Ramarajya 3800 BCE. |
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| wife of rama and avatar of lakshmi |
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| 8th avatar of vishnu. Has many forms- an infant trickster god, a butter thief child, a brave youth who rescues the villagers from evil serpents; becomes a guru |
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| 10th (last) avatar of vishnu; when he comes back on his white horse that means that is the end of time |
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| the destroyer; hara, the remover, god of death. Nataraja (lord of the dance). Third eye of perception, wears tiger skin- victory over all forces. Vahana (vehicle) is Nandi the bull |
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| teaches that siva is responsible for both destruction and rebirth. represents the male and female genitalia |
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| a gods "vehicle" an animal or mythical entity closely associated with a particular diety |
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| female principle of divine energy |
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| shakti of siva, contains shakti energy of all gods. Given weapons of gods for war; defeated demons & saved the world. She is the invincible one; fierce deadly beauty. Vahana is a lion |
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| the black one; fierce aspect of durga. treads over siva, destroyer of illusion, wears a garland of skulls of vanquished |
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| goddess of wisdom, earth/river goddess. bestows fertility and wealth goddess of speech; shakti of brahma |
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| wife of shiva; mother of ganesh |
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| goddess of fortune, consort of vishnu but devotee of siva. noted for fickleness |
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| god of wisdom, sciences, arts and creative activities. Son of siva and parvati. remover of obstacles. Popular w/ students, writers, and business people. Lord of the minor deities; vahana is a rat |
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| lord ram's greatest devotee; the god of power and strength; he rescued sita from captivity and helped ram conquer sri lanka |
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| CONSCIOUSNESS (intelligent essence)-inner transcendent self. the "supreme lord" of the universe; the "self" which pervades the universe. he is the lord of immortality but has manifest himself as the ______ in the universe so that the jivas may enjoy eternal fruits |
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| MATTER (unconscious matter)- physical nature. nature; the basic nature of intelligence by which the universe exists and functions |
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| made up of two elements; Purusha and Prakriti. if purusha forgets its nature and clings to material, it is bound to samsara (cycle of death and rebirth which life in the material world is bound) |
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| qualities of purusha and prakriti- Sattva (consciousness, light), Rajas (dynamism, creativity), and tamas (inertia, slothfulness) |
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| system of thought that refers to avidya- suppresses the real nature of things and present something else in its place; the identity of self (atman)- microcosmic "individual" soul and the whole (brahman)- absolute reality; macrocosmic soul of the universe. |
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| the effect of a person's actions; good actions result in good karma; bad result in bad karma |
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| what happens as you go through life; bramacarya (student), grihasta (householder), vanaprashta (forest dweller), samnyasin (renunciate) |
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| the great cycle; Krita (all in perfect balance) , Treta (beginning of forgetting dharma; life begins to go out of balance), Dvapara (decline in dharma continues, cosmos grow worse), Kali (age of darkess) |
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| "seer" who "heard" the text |
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"remembered" texts -date from 500-200 BCE
3 types: epics (itihasas), stories (puranas), codes of laws and ethics (dharmasastras) |
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"knowledge; revelation" a large body of texts.
Rg (samhita=hymns), Yajur (Brahmana=priestly documents), Sama (aranyaka=forest treatises) & Atharva (upanisad=sittings) |
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| a later sacred text of hinduism of a mystical nature dealing with metaphysical question |
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| a sanskrit epic that concerns the banishment of rama from his kindom, the abduction of his wife Sita by a demon and her rescue, and his eventual restoration to the throne |
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| a sanksrit epic concerning the dynasticstruggle and civil war between the panadavas and kauravas. contains the text of the Bhagavad-Gita |
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| poet and author of the Ramayana |
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| central and revered figure in most Hindu traditions. He is the author/character in the Mahabharata. |
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| followers of vaishnavism (worship of vishnu) |
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Paths to god
ways of meditation- karma: way of action; emphasizess rituals/ethics
bhakti- way of love; devotio to a deity
jnani- way of knowledge (gnosis); contemplation/study |
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| physical and mental discipline "yokes" one to a god (or reality). Detachment through dharana (concentration), dhyana (meditation), and leads to samadhi (union) |
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| "Consciousness"- works its way up from the root, sacral, solar plexus, heart, throat, third eye, crown |
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1. means "stretch" or "expand."
2. shakti power coiled like a serpent at the base of the spine |
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| one who practices bhakti (devotion)-popular in south india. these _______ sing to gods |
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| "holy man" tradition grows popular in north india- they transmit holy wisdom, emphasizing "nirguna" (non-qualitativeness) |
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| congregation of Brahman: 1828. person that saw compatibilty of Jesus' teachings w/ Dharma. Wrote The Precepts of Jesus: Guide to Peace and Happiness; emphasizes monotheism and rationality |
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| society of aryas founded in 1875; reaction against Brahmo samaj- dayananda sarasvati (1824-1883). Seeks to return to ancient roots of Hinduism and re-establish golden age of the Rg Veda |
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| claims all religions are "true"- founded by Gadadhar Chatterjee [ramakrishna] (1836-1886). Vaishnavite Bhakta- mystikal reformer. Has vision of "divine mother as an ocean" |
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| mohandas "mahatma" ghandi |
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| (1869-1948): known as the "Mahatma"- led indian revolution to independence through non-violence; philsophy base on Hindu teaching of Ahimsa (non-suffering); coined the term Satyagraha (truth force) |
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