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Definition
| the throne deis on which the god is enthroned |
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Definition
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| Annoints Jeroboam but is later rejected |
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Definition
| "Ahijah of Shiloh (a Mushite priest) |
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| Worship centers in Israel set up by Jeroboam |
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Definition
| Dan: northernmost city in Israel |
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| Moved capital of Israel to Samaria; father of Ahab |
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Definition
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| King with 700 wives and 300 concubines |
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Definition
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| Marries Ahab; daughter of the King of Tyre (Phoenicians) |
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Definition
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| Moabite King who sacrificed the crown prince; disgusted, Judah, Israel and Edom leave the battle; Stella commemorates the victory |
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| only place that practiced human sacrifice |
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Definition
| Phoenician colony at Carthage |
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| daughter of Jezebel and Ahab; married to the King of Judah; kills all her male relatives so she can rule in Judah; only female ruler; one royal baby escapes and is raised by a priest and eventually retakes the throne |
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| Empire ruling everything in the region of Mesopotamia; Senacherib; Conquers Israel in 722 |
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| Built a watershaft during the seige of Senacherib so that Jerusalem survives the seige; pays the Assyrians to go away |
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Definition
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| End of ancestor veneration |
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Definition
| Hezekiah's reform and Assyrian empire's victory over Israel and surrounding areas |
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Definition
| becomes king at a young age; institutes religious reform; |
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| last king of Judah; rebels against the babylonian empire and so Nebuchadnezzar comes and takes them over; kids killed in front of him; eyes gouged out; |
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Definition
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| last king of Judah; rebels against the babylonian empire and so Nebuchadnezzar comes and takes them over; kids killed in front of him; eyes gouged out; |
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| Year that Jerusalem is destroyed; Temple destroyed; Jews taken captive |
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| Psalm that describes the destruction of the other gods |
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| there are many gods but there is one chief God |
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| Empire that succeeds the Babylonian empire |
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Definition
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| Leader of the Persians; founder of the Persian Empire |
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Definition
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| Priest and scribe; Has the Torah read publicly; connotation is teaching or instruction or law; religious leader during the time or the return from exile and rebuilding of the temple |
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Term
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| political leader during the time of the return from exile and rebuilding of the temple |
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| a story or origins; tells how customs developed: ex: why snakes don't have legs; why women suffer in childbirth; why men dominate women; why roses have thorns, death, pain, sin, cloths, scattering of peoples and languages etc. |
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Term
| First words to Abraham, Isaac & Jacob |
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Definition
| Descendants will be a blessing to the world |
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| Original home/birthplace of the Jews (not Canaan) |
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Definition
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Definition
| non-egyptian rulers in Egypt |
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Definition
| not a national, racial or ethnic group rather a class of people who are always on the outside of society; down on land ; sometimes hired out as mercenaries |
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Term
| Moses, Phinneas, Hophni are names from what language? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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| the name of God that is a verb and not a noun |
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Definition
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| greatest appearances of god |
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Definition
1- to a mass of people: all of Isreal at Sinai where God speaks the 10 commandments to about 1.5 million people out loud and they swear to keep the oath but then ask for a mediator
2- to a group: Moses, Aaron and Aaron's sons and 74 elders go up on Mt. Sinai and have a vision of God; eat a sacred meal in his presence
3- to an individual: Moses sees the back of God |
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Definition
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| What happens if you hurt your slave? |
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Definition
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| Jews could only be slaves for ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| you can eat 4 legged animals that have what 2 things? |
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Definition
| chew the cud and split hoof |
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Term
| according to the law, fish must have: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| only worship god in one place; monotheism ( a new place used to be associated with a new god) |
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Definition
| forbidden for men and not mentioned for women |
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Term
| to help the poor you cannot: |
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Definition
| return to harvest the corners of your field or pick up after yourself |
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Term
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Definition
| eternal light always burning in the temple, 7 branch candelabra or menorah |
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Term
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Definition
| the menorah or candelabra |
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Term
| in criminal cases you must have ___ witnesses |
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Definition
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Term
| Early precedents for a sophisticated legal system |
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Definition
| system of appeal; a system of higher courts, reasons for dodging a draft, |
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Term
| Early precedent for a sophisticated legal system |
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Definition
| a system of higher courts |
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Term
| ceremomy performed to release from levirate marraige |
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Definition
| spitting and loosening of the shoe |
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Term
| two ways to tell a real prophet |
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Definition
| prophecies come to pass and he has really good poetry |
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Term
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Definition
| composed on their feet by the Biblical prophets |
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Term
| prophet who did symbolic acts |
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Definition
| hosea (marries a prostitute and names children for prophecies: Lo Ammi, Lo Ruhama: no mercy) |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Hebrew word for prophet; may have derived from akkadian word meaning "to be called" |
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| most common subject for prophets |
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Definition
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Term
| prophesied about an earthquake |
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Definition
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Definition
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| number of letters in the hebrew alphabet |
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Definition
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Definition
| words in scripture and actions |
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Definition
| the various texts were separate, and later combined by one editor (or redactor). |
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| Evidence for the documentary hypothesis |
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Definition
| convergence of evidence: doublets, contradictions, authors, language |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| T- Torah; N-Nebi'im: Samuel, Kings and prophets (means prophets?) Isaiah, Jeremiah etc.; K- Ketubim: Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Esther etc. |
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| ruler after Alexander the Great who had the bible translated into the Septuagint |
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Definition
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| translated (traditionally) by 70 men in 70 different rooms; LXX |
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Definition
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| made himself ruler after Alexander the Great along with Ptolemy; ruled Syria, Assyria, etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| selucid king; put a statue of Zeus in the temple and sacrificed pigs on the altar; starting the Maccabbean Revolt |
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Definition
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Term
| Threw the Greeks out, cleansed the temple and rededicated it |
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Definition
| Judah Maccabbee (Maccabbeus) |
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Term
| synagogue is from what language |
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Definition
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Term
| stem from Zadok, priests in the temple |
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Definition
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Term
| honor learning, continuously adding, predecessors to the rabbis |
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Definition
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Term
| produced a lot of documents, scrolls in Qumran (dead sea scrolls) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| "great" communicates respect |
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Term
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Definition
| day of the destruction of the 2nd temple; fall in July or early August; sad but beautiful day of fasting; sad/unlucky day historically for Jews |
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Term
| (year) date of the destruction of the 2nd temple |
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Definition
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Term
| year of the 2nd great rebellion (Bar Kochba) that utterly failed |
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Definition
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Definition
Legend about a rabbi who wanted to do something to save Judaism; so he has his students put him in a coffin and take him outside the city; he goes up to Titus and says “Hail Caesar;” Titus says I’m not Caesar, but then a rider comes up and says Caesar died and Titus has been elected Emperor.
• Titus gives Yohanon (the rabbi) anything he wants (except to save Jerusalem)
• Yohanon asks to build a school (Yeshiva) in Yabneh to train rabbis. |
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Term
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Definition
| place of the first yeshiva? |
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Term
| all committed suicide before the Romans could kill them |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
o famous he can just be called ‘Rabbi’)
• Wrote down the major texts of the rabbis, Mishna (a word meaning ‘teaching’) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| sect of teaching that is more strict |
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Definition
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Term
| Doctrine of the Two Torot |
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Definition
One is the written Torah
• The second is the oral Torah (which Moses received on Mt. Sinai and taught it to Joshua, who passed it to the elders, elders to prophets, and prophets to the men of the great assembly, the predecessors of the rabbis)
• So you were supposed to accept the rabbi’s teaching (even over the Bible). Completely eliminated the priests. |
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Term
| defining doctrine of Rabbinic Judaism. |
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Definition
| Doctrine of the Two Torot |
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Term
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Definition
• Money/something of value (“Behold you are betrothed to me according to the law of Moses.”)
• Hillel said it could be as little as a penny (perutah).
• So even a poor man can get betrothed without shame.
• Hillel’s law won out; demonstrates more leniency.
• Shammai said it had to be much more (dinar).
• Because Jewish girls shouldn’t go cheap.
• Document
• The man would write the words, and if she accepted it they would be engaged.
• Sexual intercourse
• Rabbis: it’s legal, but you still shouldn’t do it. |
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Term
| 2 ways to get out of marraige |
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Definition
• Divorce
• Death of the husband |
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Term
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Definition
Sanhedrin:
Small Senhedrin is 23 rabbis
• Large is several hundred
• Decisions by the majority. |
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Term
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Definition
The second rebellion
• Led by Bar Kochba
• Rabbi Akiba (the nasi, president of the Jews)
• Supposedly Akiba said Bar Kochba is the Messiah |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| while the Mishna was written in Hebrew, the language of the Bible, some of the words were ‘Aramaized.’Six sections (called the six orders) Each section has sections within it (called Tractates, -- total). |
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Term
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Definition
The six sections are different sets of law
• 1) damages/torts (Nizikin)
• 2) holidays (Moed)
• 3) women (Nashim)
• 4) seeds (Zeraim) – agricultural law
• 5) holiness (Kedoshim) – concerning sacrifice, priestly rituals,etc.
• 6) purity (Taharot) |
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Term
| Sections within the orders of the mishna are called: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| rabbi who was in the generation that produced the Mishna; plural Tannaim |
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Term
Rabbinic teaching divided into two kinds
• |
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Definition
Halakhah – the law
• Aggadah – everything else that’s not strictly law(stories) |
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Term
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Definition
background stories added by the rabbis
• Example: Abraham’s father was an idol maker |
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Term
| Emperor Constantine converts to Christianity (year) |
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Definition
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Term
| Hebrew: “to finish” “to complete” “the teaching” |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Expansion of the Mishna; The Gemara and the Mishna = the Talmud
• Two Talmuds (the one from the Jews in Babylon and the one from the Jews in Palestine)
• The rabbis in Babylon are the greatest, at that point (around 500)
• The spreading around of the Jews (in Greece, Egypt, Babylonia, etc.) is called the Diaspora
• Gemara is written in mixed language (Hebrew and a lot of Aramaic)
• The Mishna simply gives the law; the Gemara explains the reasoning behind the law (thus combined they form the Talmud) |
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Term
| French medieval rabbi, first commentarty of the Torah |
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Definition
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Term
| First Hebrew book printed |
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Definition
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Term
| Rabbi Shelomoh son of Isaac |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a collection of views on life (fathers):
Examples of Hagadah
• Don’t become known to the government
• Be very cautious of the government, who will two-time you
• Pray for the good of the government, so there’s not anarchy |
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Term
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Definition
word never occurs in the Bible; starts in the Talmud in the Rabbinic period; translated as “presence”/the presence of God
• Suffix –ah is feminine
• Does not necessarily mean that it’s manifesting god’s feminine nature |
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Term
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Definition
Be a man in a place where there are no men (i.e. “everyone’s doing it” isn’t a good excuse)
• Sin leads to sin (doing something bad leads you to more bad things); good deeds lead to more good deeds
• Bible: don’t eat pork; rabbis: if the pork is less than 1/60 of the dish you can eat it
• Bible: don’t cook a kid in mother’s milk; rabbis: don’t cook any meat in milk (extended to prohibit cheeseburgers, eating dairy on the same plate as meat, etc.)
• Bible: don’t eat the blood of any meat; rabbis: invented kosher meat (soak and salt to draw out blood, roasting, etc.) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
marriage contract
• Written in Aramaic
• After it’s signed, the man gives it to the woman to keep (as a protection) |
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Term
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Definition
Tallit: a fringed garment
• Tephillin: a black box contain the Torah, one on your forehead and one on your arm (attached with leather)
• From the Greek, Phylactories
• Mezuzah: box containing some text from the Torah nailed to the door |
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Term
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Definition
: ceremony ending the Sabbath
• Havdalah candle: two twisted around in a helix |
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Term
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Definition
Stoning, burning, decapitation, and strangulation
• Stoning was actually being thrown off a cliff
• Burning, your stuff molten stuff down their throat
• Strangulation, upside down with ropes around your neck and people ran in opposite directions
• Decapitation was merely an up or down decision |
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Term
| three things the world stands on (Opening text of the Mishna) |
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Definition
• The Torah
• Worship
• Acts of kindness |
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Term
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Definition
| “it is upon us”/it’s our obligation – to praise God for making us different from everyone else |
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Term
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Definition
Written in Aramaic
• Praises God in all different ways
• Whoever was mourning a relative had the honor of leading this prayer; so it became a prayer of mourning
• Parent, child, sibling, or spouse = close relative |
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Term
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Definition
| Jews from Christian countries |
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Term
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Definition
| Jews from North Africa, Muslim Countries (Spain) |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
Moses Ben Maimon
• Mishneh Torah – a teaching of Torah, in which he lays out the law
• Lists the 613 commandments from the Torah |
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Term
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Definition
“the set table”, Joseph Karo
• Expands on the Mishneh Torah
• If you crack an egg and there’s a spot of blood, it must be thrown away if it’s in the yolk; if it’s in the white, it can be cut out. |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
Khazars-
Tried to make his country Jewish
• Wrote the Kuzari, as a work of philosophy
• Makes a philosophical argument in support of Judaism |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
the New Year
• Takes place in the beginning of the fall.
• In Leviticus, you’re supposed to hold a sacred festival.
• Apples and honey are associated with RH.
• Biblically, you have to blow a ram’s horn (shofar).
• You’re supposed to reflect and try to do better next year.
• 10 Days of Repentance |
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Term
| Tenth day of Rosh Hashanah |
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Definition
Day of Atonement; Yom Kippur
• On Yom Kippur you don’t:
• Eat
• Bathe
• Wear leather shoes
• YK – you spend the whole day in the temple and read the book of Jonah. |
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Term
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Definition
Feast of Tabernacles – Sukkot
• Lasts for eight days (comes five days after Yom Kippur)
• Eat fruit
• Live in a sukka
• Take a lulav (a palm branch with some other branches) and hold it with an etrog (a citron) and shake them to the north, south, east, and west and say prayers.
• Essentially it’s a harvest festival.
• The last day (of the eight) is Simhat Torah – the joy of the Torah
• You read the last column of Deuteronomy, and then roll up the scroll and immediately read the beginning of Genesis, symbolizing the never-ending study of the Torah. |
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Term
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Definition
Lasts for seven days
• Seder night
• Matzah Pesah
• Spring holiday |
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Term
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Definition
Feast of Weeks – Shavuot
• The summer holiday
• Celebrates the giving of the Torah at Mt. Sinai |
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Term
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Definition
| dedication, Maccabee etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Celebrates the events in Esther |
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Term
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Definition
The only sad Jewish holiday
• You think about all the bad things that have happened in life. |
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Term
| Most important Jewish holiday |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| italian word referring to walled-off areas where the Jews were forced to live; first in Venice |
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Term
| Exclusions of Israel/Jews: |
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Definition
UN Security Council, until they were accepted into a European regional group
• Jewish professors of the Bible were not hired in the US until the 60s; there’s still only one in Europe.
• The Red Cross does not work in Israel because they insist on using the cross symbol – except in Muslim countries where they use a red crescent.
• In USSR, ID papers listed nationality as “Jew” – not Polish, Ukrainian, etc. |
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Term
| Protocols of the Elders of Zion |
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Definition
| a book claiming the elders in Judaism are plotting to take over the world. |
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Term
| Spain expels the Jews (Inquisition) |
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Definition
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Term
| Portugal expels the Jews (because the prince of Portugal married a princess of Spain) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Jews who pretended to convert in Spain (aka Marranos – pigs) |
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Term
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Definition
| everyone in town who’s not Jewish beats up everybody who is. Break windows, steal their stuff, sometimes they were killed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hebrew for ‘nation;’ on par with the n-word in its reference to non-Jews. |
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Term
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Definition
| comes from the creation o f bugs; derogatory term for a non-Jewish woman. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| Composer; grandson of Moses Mendelson |
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Term
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Definition
| prime minister under Victoria |
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Term
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Definition
1911
• A young Christian boy was found murdered; Jews were accused.
• Blood libel: the belief that the Jews put the blood of an uncircumcised Christian boy in their matzah on Passover.
• Beilis, a Jewish man, was put in prison for two years. When he was finally put on trial, he was acquitted. |
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Term
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Definition
| emancipation (freedom) of the Jews; could go to school, get jobs, etc. German Jews were the most assimilated and had it better than many other Jews. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Jewish (language)
• Composite of old German and Hebrew |
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Term
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Definition
| A mixture of Spanish and Hebrew; developed in Spain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Jewish music (played on Jewish TV weddings)
• Originated in Eastern Europe |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| literally translated, “soul” |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Jewish Northerner who owned a pencil factory in Atlanta
• A young girl who worked at the factory was found dead; Frank was convicted, even though it was known that someone else did it.
• Sentenced to execution; the governor commuted the sentence to life imprisonment (thinking evidence would exonerate him). A crowd broke into the prison and lynched him.
• Greatly increased the power of the Klan; the participants were blatant (a police officer, the prosecutor, a governor’s son, senator, etc. took part) and took pictures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Burnt offering from the septuagint |
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Term
| Main work of Kabbalah; a multi-volume work; main text; Aramaic (but the Aramaic is unique; not what was spoken in Biblical times) w/ some Hebrew |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Excluded more of the tradition and focused on the religious aspect. Tried to assimilate.
• Moved the Sabbath to Sunday (now all but one has changed back to Saturday).
• Ate pork, worked on Sabbath, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
Moved towards tradition (in response to Reform)
• Many from Germany |
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Term
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Definition
The liberal movement.
• The native American sect of Judaism.
• Formed after a reform movement dinner during which shellfish was served.
• Zechariah Frankel – the leader of the Conservative movement
• How much do you observe?
• We agree with reform that the law can change, but we don’t agree that it can change by revolution – only be evolution (natural development through the life of the community).
• So if Jews started eating pork to where 95% were, at that point the rabbis at that age could allow pork (but they can’t do it preemptively).
• Socio-economic changes (the development of suburbs) affected the religion (whether or not you had to walk or could drive to the synagogue). |
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Term
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Definition
| leader of the conservative movement |
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Term
| Reconstructionist movement |
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Definition
Developed within the conservative movement
• Started by Mordecai Kaplan
• Professor at Jewish theological seminary |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| the annexation of Austria |
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Term
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Definition
| The mystical form of Judaism |
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Term
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Definition
| when you do good or evil, when you perform a ritual, observe the Sabbath, etc. – it’s not just an act in the world, you are participating in God, and putting the world back together. |
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Term
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Definition
| pioneered the scholarly field of Kabbalah |
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Term
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Definition
| claimed to be the messiah in Eastern Europe; later converted to Islam |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| priest, judge and prophet from Shiloh |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Lined up thousands of Jews and mowed them down with guns; the Jews were later accused of doing the same thing at the begging of the state of Israel. |
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Term
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Definition
| cannot have too many wives, too much money, or too many horses, and must be chosen by God (a prophet) an cannot go to egypt |
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Term
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Definition
| son of Saul "man of God:" |
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Term
| earliest reference to Israel |
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Definition
| Pharaoh Merneptah erected a stella for victory over Israel |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| son of Gideon; killed his brothers and set himself up as king for a little while |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| countries surrouning Israel |
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Definition
| Edom, Moab, Ammon (Jordan) Aram, Philistia (Syria) Phoenecia, (Lebanon) |
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Term
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Definition
| big flat building like a mesa found in escavations |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| 4 possible things that made the Israelites an identifiable people |
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Definition
1) Isarelistes libed in Hill country some in teh low lands; reamin separate; chariots and agriculture make different societies
2) Peasant revolt; rebelled against kings and united; Marxists scholars
3) Israelites were Canaanites. but a group of them had an experience of slavery in Egypt; led out by Moses who worshipped Yahweh
4) Conquest; biblical account |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Mesha stella - Moabite king refers to defeating Onri king of Israel |
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Term
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Definition
|
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| backers of Adonijah without luck |
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| three cities built by Solomon |
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| public works projects; labor taxing; reminiscent of slave labor |
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| Solomon meets people here when he first becomes king |
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| priest who backs Jeroboam but is disenfranchised |
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| Components to Treaty documents that are similar to the 10 commandments |
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| 1) Introduction - in 1st person by the Suz. 2) Historical Prologue- how it all went down; history of what the suz. did for the vassal 3) Prime stipulation - no other suzerain before me 4) Remaining stipulations |
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| how must you treat an alien according to the law |
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| semitic language with passage about the kid and the milk |
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| garment from wool and linen; worn by high priest and forbidden to others |
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| total destruction warfare |
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| said "they'll beat their swords into plowshares" |
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| lo ammi "not my children" and lo ruhana - "no mercy" |
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| Miracle of Isaiah (Hezekiah?) |
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| "five scrolls" 5 books of Moses |
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| originator of the documentary hypothesis |
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| face of God; where Jacob wrestles with God |
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| dynasty of the Maccabbean family |
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| Rabbi who goes out to meet Titus in a coffin |
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| Founder of Yeshiva at Yabneh |
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| Mishna; political and administrative leader |
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| respect for learning and Torah pervades life |
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| passed from Moses to Joshua to the elders to the prophets to the great assembly to the rabbis |
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| leader of 135 CE rebellion |
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| president of the jews said that bar kochba was the messiah |
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| prince; president of the jews |
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| 1. Damages (torts) Nizikin 2. Holidays - Moed 3. Women -Nashim 4. Seeds - Zeraim - Agricultural law 5. Holiness - Kedoshim 6. Purity - Taharot |
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| number of tractates in the mishna (volumes) |
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| completion of the teaching: Palestinian and Babylonian (babylonian more prevalent) |
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| Mishna plus Gemara plus some Rashi |
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| additions to Rashi; other commentaries |
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| "love the lord your god with all your hear, sould and mind and love your neighbor as yourself" |
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| 18; 18 blessings of God (but there actually 19 which says God hsould defeat the evil sayers, traitor Jews) |
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| canopy for wedding ceremony |
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| phylactories; pair of black leather boxes with text inside |
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| box with scroll inside with text in hebrew nailed to the door |
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| ceremony of division: includes wine, candles and spices |
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| rams horn blown on holidays |
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| moses son of Maimon; greek name; believed talmud was too much for people; listed the 613 laws; wrote Mishneh Torah; Wrote Shulhan Arukh which means "set table" expand 4 volumes; "Guide for the people" and "13 principles of faith" |
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| storage place in ground or sealed building; started one in Cairo for old documents; early 1900's brought to Cambridge University; |
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| interested in king of Khazars; wrote Kuzari; makes philosophical argument for why Judaism is good |
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| sitting for 7 days to mourn |
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| one year anniversary of death |
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| prayer said over the dead |
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| Jewish New Year; beginning of fall; sacred festival; apples and honey; blow a ram's horn; 10 days of repentance 10th day is Yom Kippur |
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| don't eat, drink, bathe, annoint yourself or wear leather shoes; read the book of Jonah; Most sacred holiday |
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| Sukkot; 5 days after yom kippur; 8 days long; eats lots of fuit and take lulav and palm branch and hold in hand with etros (citron) and shake north south east and west; last day = Simhat Torha =joy of torah; lread last column of Deut and finish scroll and go back to Genesis then sing, dance and drink |
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| Passover (Pesah in Hebrew) |
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| 1st month of spring, 1st of the month; aka Feast of Unleavened Bread; no beer or yeast or bread except Matzah bread; big meal = seder dinner; tell passover story; 7 days; Seder night is the first night |
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| Shavuot; 49 days after passover; summer holiday; celebrates the giving of Torah at mt. Sinai |
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| Esther and Jews in Persian empire saved |
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| Rashi's three possibilites for the fruit on the tree |
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| 1)fig tree 2) wheat 3)the fruit of the knowledge of good and evil |
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| German Jews (Jews in christain countries) |
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| Jews from Spain (Jews in Muslim countries) |
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| song leader; had to male until reformed Judaism |
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| goes with torah portion; sometimes thematically; reading from the prophets |
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| 1) not just a religion 2) religion of law 3)Non-theological; anthropocentric 4) Religion of History |
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| Jewish military for with temple in egypt for YHWH and 2 others; destroyed |
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| extremely open to non-jews; accepting of Jew unlike themselves; Lubav, Poland |
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| developed Hasidic movement |
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| Satmar; Hungarian Hasidism; not welcoming |
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| blood libel - christian boy killed; Jews blamed; arrested for it; blood of a christian boy put into Matzah bread at passover |
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| service on the night of Yom Kippur; all vows canceled |
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| Famous Jewish Baseball playersq |
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| Hank Greenberg; Sandy Cofax |
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| Northern jew in ATL; ran a pencil factory; accused of murder; gov. changed sentence but mob lynched him; sparked the ADL |
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| Anti-defamation League: created especially to fight anti-semitism but expanded |
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| Founder of Conservative movement: law can change through evolution but not revolution |
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| Founder of Reconstructionist movement |
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| central figure of Kabalah |
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| Shabbetai Zevi; claimed to be Messiah |
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| contraction of God into a single point then god bust out from that point into 10 containers |
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| 10 indescribable things; levels of existence; all part of God |
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| w/o end infinite point of infinite density; hebrew |
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| rabbis responses to contemporary problems |
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| ultra orthodox; most intensely observant |
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| Hebrew word repentance means= |
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| author of the Shulhan Aruk |
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