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Greek word ‘to speak for someone’
Hebrew same meaning or to be a messenger of somebody
Moses conditioned by god to speak on behalf of him to the Pharaoh
First Stage of Prophetic guilds or associations- ecstatic experience together, presence of divine, no ethical dimension to these prophecies
Second Stage: Individual Pre-writing Prophets- i.e. Elijah, Elisha, Nathan, Micaiah, speaks clearer messages from God, no books from these prophets (no books of the bible carry their names)
Third Stage: The Great Writing Prophets- i.e. Amos, Hosea, Deremiah, Isaiah (291), clear messages from God, books in the Old Testament, comparison pre-writing (address to individual acts) challenged corruptions in social order and institutions, collective social problems |
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from Hebrew Mashiah, means the anointed, title of honor because only kings and high priests were anointed (297)
586-531 BCE: Babylonian Exiles, Jews of Jerusalem exiled to Babylonian, dispersed from own land, hope for Messiah as a savior, term became ‘something else’ such as a redeemer, political mighty figure fight to take Jews out of exile and back to home land
Three Features of Messiah
Hope- hope for redemption for the Jews
National restitution- Jews hoped that the nation of Israel would come back and would be founded as a powerful state in their homeland
World Upgrade- redemption of the Jews would bring a globally moral upgrade |
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specifically to the populations of Jews exiled from Judea in 586 BC by the Babylonians, and Jerusalem in AD 136 by the Roman Empire.
This term is used interchangeably to refer to the historical movements of the dispersed ethnic population of Israel, the cultural development of that population, or the population itself. |
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In Judaism, from the Bible, the hebrew term for temple is "sanctuary", "palace" or "hall". A temple is sometimes referred to as a "palace of God".
the first builder of the temple is king Solomon son of David, 10th C (BCE), built by Solomon, the Jewish religion has been a religion around the temple, temple center of Jewish religion, Biblical Judaism until 70 ACE
Destroyed Temples- 586 BCE first destroying of temples, Babylonian King Nebucha (conquered Jewish Kingdom of Judah, Jerusalem), took Jews by force to Babylonian (south-eastern Turkey)
Rebuilding Temples- 531 BCE Persian King Cyrus conquered Babylonian and allowed Jews to go back to their homeland, go back and rebuild
Destroyed Temples II- destroyed by Romans in 70 ACE, since then it was not rebuilt
531 BCE to 70 ACE- Second Temple Judaism
10th BCE – 70 ACE- Jewish religion and life conducted surrounding temple, rights and sacrifices
Some synagogues, especially Reform synagogues, are called temples, but Orthodox Judaism considers this inappropriate as they do not consider synagogues a replacement for the Temple in Jerusalem |
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post temple destruction 70 ACE, Jewish people concentrated themselves on reading the scripture
Jews gathered in Synagogue (literally means ‘a place of meeting’ Greek word) became religious centers and places of meeting/worship
Rabbi- means ‘teacher’ experts on Jewish scriptures |
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Old Testament of Christian Bible, most important section called Torah
few practising Jews would ever refer to the "Hebrew Bible" and this term is commonly used by non-Jews namely Christians. |
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first five books of the bible; Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy…
‘Pentateuch’ is another word which refers to these |
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An interpretation of the Torah
The Talmud is the written record of an oral tradition. It became the basis for many rabbinic legal codes and customs. Not all Jews, in the past and present, have accepted the Talmud as having religious authority.
Midrash is a Hebrew word referring to a method of exegesis (analysis) of a Biblical text. The term "midrash" also can refer to a compilation of Midrashic teachings, in the form of legal, exegetical or homiletical commentaries on the Tanakh (Jewish Bible). |
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forefather of Israel, first father of Jewish nation
the founding patriarch of the Israelites and of the Arabs in Jewish, Christian and Islamic tradition.
he enters into a covenant: in exchange for sole recognition of Yahweh as supreme universal authority, Abraham will be blessed through innumerable progeny.
His life as narrated in the book of Genesis (chapters 11–25) probably reflects traditions as told through a number of writers and redactors. |
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founder of Jewish nation and religion, greatest prophet to whom the torah is revealed on Mt. Cynia
Moses is considered one of the greatest figures of the Bible.
He is considered a prophet in Judaism, Christianity, Islam
In the Exodus account, the birth of Moses occurred at a time when the current Egyptian Pharaoh had commanded that all male children born to Hebrew slaves be killed by drowning in the river Nile. |
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- means ‘disclosure’, something obscure becomes clear, revealed; ethological- disclosure of specific sort, God’s nature and will for human kind
Verbal revelation- prophets bringing books and revelation through deeds/actions; in Exodus the event where God organized and freed slaved people from Pharaoh, revealed his power, mightier than Pharaoh, show mercy and concern for peoples of Israel; story of Exodus is founding myth of the founding of the nation of Israel |
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| contract between ____ and his people; more than contract… covenant involves totality of life, eternal contract, whole social life affected, covenant until death, Exodus an offer by God for a Covent; honor the laws they had been given |
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