Term
| Which religion is described as a bridge between East and West? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which religion was developed within an Aryan culture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oldest remaining religion of the Middle East |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Zoroastrianism belief in god |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ethnic religion, meaning you had to be born into and no converts were allowed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Zoroastrianism;Who is the leader that was threatened by demons and had to be protected because he was part of the warrior caste |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Zoroastrianism;Revelation over 8 years with 7 angels, eventually converted a local king, and killed while tending to a fire |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who led the persian empire in 559 BCE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Zoroastrianism was spread and maintained by the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Zoroastrianism what was the collection of scriptures called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The portion of the Avesta believed to be Zoroaster's actual words |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the 4th century, who was known for burning down palaces and killing priests? |
|
Definition
Alexander the accursed
(in Catholicism known as Alexander the Great) |
|
|
Term
| Which forces rejected Zoroastrianism as a valid religion? Causing them to not be able to study their religion under the siege of this religion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many Zoroastrian practitioners are left today? |
|
Definition
| 100,000 to 250,000 left today |
|
|
Term
| Zoroastrianism; Different than Aryan culture that developed in India, says that their is one creator of all things that are entirely good |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does evil come from in Zoroastrianism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Zoroastrianism created heavenly beings also known as |
|
Definition
| "Holy Immortals" and Yazata |
|
|
Term
| What is the quote among Zoroastrians dealing with Free will? |
|
Definition
| "Evil to Evil, Good to Good" |
|
|
Term
| What is the Zoroastrians personal responsibility to choose good? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Zoroastrian conception of heaven and hell |
|
Definition
| Tradition is that we are judged twice(four days after we did our soul is judged and we try to walk over a bridge to heaven if we haven’t our guilt drags us to hell and we are punished there. Then we will have a second judgment. No one is condemned to hell.) |
|
|
Term
| What do Zoroastrians say about good? |
|
Definition
| Good will always triumph in the end |
|
|
Term
| Which religion rejected sacrifice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which religion has a focus on prayer and personal purity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This religion holds fire as a an important symbol (they developed fire temples for z's to go to and perform rituals on a personal level, not communal) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which religion has no communal worship and instead more on an individual level? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Who was initiated at 7-10 years old
Given a cord (kusti) and Vest (sadre) to wear
They retie the cord 5x a day throught to purify them |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do initiating Zoroaster's retie their cords 5x a day? |
|
Definition
| It was thought to purify them |
|
|
Term
| The death concept among Zoroaster's |
|
Definition
Temporary triumph of evil (belief that we will be resurrected)
Dead bodies are ritually impure
Rituals in place to protect the ground, fire, etc. from contamination |
|
|
Term
| What is the second religion of the Middle East? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Judaism is a ______ religion? based on who you were born to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which religion is known for being prophetic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Judaism is monotheism or polytheism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Old Testament called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People who are calling people back to this covenant to warn them that they are off track and not following their part of the deal |
|
|
Term
| Around how many Jews are there? |
|
Definition
Around 14 million people
around 7 million in the US |
|
|
Term
| What is Judaism centered around? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Judaism is centered around a COVENANT with God |
|
Definition
| Reciprocal agreement that Jews will remain gods chosen people as long as they remain faithful and follow the law |
|
|
Term
| What is the focus of Judaism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Judaism emphasizes correct____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What distinguishes one group from another is primary behavior, not _______? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Biblical origins in Judaism say that fundamentally people are not able to do the right thing. Give some examples |
|
Definition
Adam and Eve
Noah
Tower of Babble |
|
|
Term
| Judaism; an ark with pairs of animals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Judaism; Biblical Origin; People tried to build a tower up to God to try and be like him, it was seen as malicious and he created different nations of people with different languages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Judaism; Biblical Origin; God makes second covenant with Abraham |
|
Definition
| Promised a long life and many descendants |
|
|
Term
| Judaism; Biblical Origin; Who were welcomes into Egypt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Judaism; Biblical Origin; Later enslaved (this is where moses comes in) explain Moses |
|
Definition
Pharaoh orders the death of all infant boys- Moses Survives (his mom put him in a basket and sent him up stream)
God appears to Moses as a burning bush and tells him to free the Israelites- the Plagues, Red Sea (ten total) |
|
|
Term
| Who receives the Ten Commandments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens when Joshua leads Israelites into Canaan |
|
Definition
Solomon builds the first temple in 930BCE
Saul is the first king |
|
|
Term
| What happened when the Assyrians destroy Israel? 721BCE |
|
Definition
| Jews are killed or sold as slaves and referred to as the tribes of Israel |
|
|
Term
| Who did the Babylonians conquer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Emphasis on community (as opposed to nation) and Universality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does God start to be known as universal? |
|
Definition
| When Babylonians conquer Judah and Jerusalem |
|
|
Term
| What happens when the Persians Conquer Babylonians? |
|
Definition
The Jews rebuild the temple 538-515 BCE
"2nd temple Judaism" |
|
|
Term
| When was the 2nd temple Judaism destroyed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Judaism sects; Who embraced acculturation and were very involved with Roman Authority |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Judaism sects; the temple was their center of power |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Judaism sects; they have a literal reading of the law
Religious and political importants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Judaism sects; broader textual interpretation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Judaism sects; thought that the Sadducees were overdoing it there was more to live than just law |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Judaism sects; Accepted Roman authority as a separate sphere |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Judaism sects; Saw themselves as the real keepers of the law |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Judaism sects; authors of the Dead Sea scrolls that were recently found |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Judaism sects; followed the teacher of righteousness to the desert- they sensed that something big was about to happen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Judaism sects; they began planning for apocalypse
not interested in Roman Authority |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Judaism sects; rejected Roman Authority and revolted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Judaism sects; contributed to the fall of the temple, led the romans to kill them all |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the only Judaism sect to survive the Roman destruction of the second temple? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Judaism; seen as a successor of the Pharisees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who could be a rabbi during the rabbinic movement? |
|
Definition
| Anyone with proper education |
|
|
Term
| Explain the importance of the synagogue in Judaism |
|
Definition
| "assembly" group meetings replaced temple worship when the second temple was destroyed |
|
|
Term
| Pharisees evolve into what? |
|
Definition
| Rabbi (from priest to rabbi) |
|
|
Term
| in Judaism; meeting places are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Through the medium of prayer the synagogue is everything and more than the ______ was. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With the temple gone how do they celebrate passover? |
|
Definition
| The seder (order) kicks in and they celebrate at home |
|
|
Term
| The physical sacrifice at the temple was no longer, but the story is ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many of the changes after the 2nd temple are attributed to who? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the emphasis of sacrifice after the 2nd temple is destroyed? |
|
Definition
| We see a shift away from sacrifice to prayer |
|
|
Term
| What replaces priests after the 2nd temple is destroyed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What replaces large scale temple festivals after the 2nd temple was destroyed? |
|
Definition
| Small scale commemoration involving family and synagogue communities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Symbolically reinacting passover |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did the rabbinic movement flourish? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After the destruction when sacrifice people had to refer back to the teachings which is a shift to what? |
|
Definition
| Commentary on the Hebrew bible |
|
|
Term
| Judaism; Ancient oral tradition that is known as topical commentary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Judaism; commentaries on the Mishnah |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Judaism; Letters that extend the reasoning of the Talmuds for modern issues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did rabbinic writings give us? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many additional laws did Moses give ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give two examples of Moses's additional laws. |
|
Definition
| Kosher food restrictions and clothing requirements |
|
|
Term
| What distinguishes Jews from Gentiles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Jewish Diaspora? |
|
Definition
Middle East under Muslim rule
Spain under Christian rule
Spain under Muslim rule |
|
|
Term
| Jewish Diaspora: once they were not a nation state in present day israel |
|
Definition
| Middle east under muslim rule |
|
|
Term
| Jewish Diaspora: Spain called for expulsion of Jews, but did not enforce it. Allowed Jewish communities to remain with threat of expulsion; sephardic |
|
Definition
| Spain under Christian rule |
|
|
Term
| Trace themselves back to this era in Sakanazi peninsula |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jewish diaspora; Expelled by Christians in 1492 (sent Columbus west and expelled Jews and Muslims) |
|
Definition
| Spain under Muslim rule (711-13th century) period with a lot of literature being written and scholarship and conflict |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ashkenazi (continued through WWII) |
|
|
Term
| Explain the streams of modern judaism |
|
Definition
| Relatively new, more or less observant jews |
|
|
Term
| Who called for assimilation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who called for continual isolation? Rejecting the idea of assimilation |
|
Definition
| Baal Shem Tov (Hasidic leader) |
|
|
Term
Epitome of reform movement
epitome of orthodox reform |
|
Definition
Moses Mendelssohn
Baal Shem Tov |
|
|
Term
| The stream of Judaism that rejects modernity; largest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the Orthodox Jews reject? |
|
Definition
| Assimilation and higher criticism |
|
|
Term
| Which stream of Judaism maintains strict gender roles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which stream has strict observance of the Sabbath and Keeps Kosher? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Men of this stream do not cut their beards or their side curls? Very outward expression
They also have traditional dress (more than modesty) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Orthodox dress; Kippah (yarmulke) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Orthodox dress; Hatzi tallith |
|
Definition
| Worn under your clothes; very visible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small black boxes with scripture strapped to them |
|
|
Term
| Who was the key reformer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the divisions of Judaism was very assimilated (in most of western europe) ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sect of Judaism; Do not cover heads except during prayer, do not keep kosher, do not wear ritual clothing or use tefillin, and do not require Hebrew prayer. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which sect accepts patrilineal descent and intermarriage and accepts women as rabbis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This sect originally resisted Zionism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Bible reflects primitive ideas of its own age
Laws regulating diet, priestly purity and dress do not conduce to holiness and obstruct modern spiritual elevation
Focus on these takes away from more important spiritual identity and they are harmful to life
We are no longer a nation but a spiritual community and therefore expect no return to Palestine (this changed for many after WWII) |
|
|
Term
| Most important person in Conservative Judaism |
|
Definition
Sabato Morais
(Reaction to reform movement, his view is some is necessary but not that much) |
|
|
Term
| Which sect of Judaism accepted higher criticism to a degree? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In this sect the women dress modestly and the men generally wear a yarmulke but modern clothes
they often keep kosher, recognize matrineal only descent, and both women and men use the tefillin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sect of Judaism that was led by Mordecai Kaplan. |
|
Definition
| Reconstructionist Judaism |
|
|
Term
| This sect said that rituals are important because they connect jews all over the world. the reason you are kosher is because other jews are. it is a culture instead of a religion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If your heritage is Jewish it is still important to identify as Jewish and incorporate aspects into your life
An evolving tradition |
|
Definition
| Reconstructionist Judaism |
|
|
Term
| Religion of the Middle East, second Abrahamic tradition, largest religion in the world |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which religion had a focus on orthodoxy; personal salvation through belief and devotion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Monotheistic- trinity (three parts to one god) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Christianity begin as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What three things became distinct within a generation to the split of Judaism and Christianity? |
|
Definition
| Destruction of the temple, Increase in Gentile conversion, and Belief in Jesus's divinity |
|
|
Term
| How did the Roman empire make the spread of christianity possible? |
|
Definition
Relative peace, universal language to understand people in other areas, ability to write letters, and quickly squashed uprisings
Were not pluralist but they were accepting of diversity in religion |
|
|
Term
| What do christians anticipate? |
|
Definition
| The coming of a messiah and an apocalypse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the Canonical Gospels? |
|
Definition
| Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John |
|
|
Term
| What shares similar sources and details of ministries |
|
Definition
| Synoptic Gospels of Matthew MArk and Luke |
|
|
Term
Begins with Jesus baptism (the skeleton, building blocks for others)
Very little found in Mark that is not found in Matthew or Luke
Probably a source for Matthew and Luke
“Q” another likely source |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Goal was to convince Jews that Jesus was the messiah
Jesus as a rabbi (trying to restore proper Judaism)
Virgin birth in Bethlehem (both in fulfillment of Hebrew prophecies)
Angel appears to Joseph and tells him to marry Mary
Herod the Great ordered all baby boys be killed
(Jesus was the new Moses and it was a similar story on purpose)
Three wise men
Gives genealogy of Jesus from King David to Joseph |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Jesus as a prophet (more then a messiah or fulfillment of prophecy)
•Includes stories prior to Jesus birth
•Angel Gabriel appears to Mary telling her that she will give birth to a baby boy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hymns of early Zoroastrianism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One supreme lord, one reality; of Zoroastrianism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prophets/reformers of Zoroastrianism that were expected to restore the purity of the religion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two spirits emanate from Ahura Mazda; the good spirit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two spirits emanate from Ahura Mazda; the bad spirit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| From Egypt and their slavery, the journey back to Cannon, and conquest of land had to be accomplished before gods promise to Abraham could be fulfilled |
|
|
Term
| Which of the gospels was non-synoptic? told in a different context and tone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| He was concerned with the idea that JEsus had cosmic significance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two things in the Gospel of John describe Jesus as the incarnation of the eternal world? |
|
Definition
| The world always existed with god and Jesus was the incarnation. "and the world became flesh and lived among us" |
|
|
Term
| Are the words of the Gospel of John contradictory? |
|
Definition
| No they are simply told from a different perspective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Included in the bible as scriptures, they pre date the gospels |
|
|
Term
| How influential is Paul to Christianity? |
|
Definition
| He was an authority; as a roman citizen people went to him and asked how to structure their communities; he was considered more influential than the apostles |
|
|
Term
| When and why did Paul convert? |
|
Definition
| On his way to Damascus to persecute christians; he was hit by lightning and he converted to Christianity. he was the epitome of a convert |
|
|
Term
| What were the two most important things that Pauls letters to Early Christian Communities said? |
|
Definition
1. Followers could be gentiles
2. Salvation through belief in Jesus, not Jewish practice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Martyred by NERO in Rome
Beheaded rather than crucified |
|
|
Term
| Three early debates of Christianity? |
|
Definition
| Gnosticism, Marcionism, and Montanism |
|
|
Term
| Early debate; who believed that Jesus had no physical form and that the material world was not created by God because he would not create something corrupt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Early debate; Belief in two gods; 1 creator of the world, 1 the father of Jesus (who was sent to save us from the creator) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Early debate; Emphasis on the Holy Spirit; Charismatic, and apocalyptic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did the worst persecution take place? |
|
Definition
| Under Diocletian, in 303CE |
|
|
Term
| When did persecution continue until? |
|
Definition
| Until Constantine; he had a vision, put crosses on armor and won a battle they should have lost, he then accepted christianity |
|
|
Term
| When did the Roman Empire become officially Christian? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rejection of the popes authority, luther's priesthood of all believers, and they dont need a medium between them and god |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| German, Augustinian monk (roman catholic) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Who Focused on Paul- Salvation comes through faith, not works
For Catholic “works” meant Jewish practice
For Luther it meant the sacraments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who nailed the 95 theses to the church? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Martin Luther accused of and what happened to him? |
|
Definition
| Political subversion, excommunicated from the church and banished by Charles V (hid for five years with help from a prince, translated the bible into german, and NT published in 1522- OT in 1534) |
|
|
Term
| By translating the bible to German what did Martin Luther do? |
|
Definition
Removed the need for clergy to interpret the bible
he was the most influential reformer |
|
|
Term
| Church of England- Protestant- formed around British Monarchy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was originally a very vocal Roman Catholic; Given the name "defender of the faith" by the pope |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| King Henry VIII's first wife |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the story behind Catherine of Aragon |
|
Definition
| She was spanish royalty with close ties to the vatican, she had a daughter named Mary, and Pope Clement refused an annulment because he either had to anger Henry or Anger spanish royalty in the Vatican |
|
|
Term
| Having an annulment was seen as what? |
|
Definition
| A hostile act against Rome not recognized by the Pope |
|
|
Term
| What act did the English Parliament pass in 1534? |
|
Definition
Act of Supremacy
Making Henry the head of the church of England |
|
|
Term
| Which wife had the son and what was his name? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happened to England when Edward died? |
|
Definition
| England remained protestant for 7 years and then Mary (catherines daughter) took the thrown |
|
|
Term
| Who was the Catholic heir after Edward that persecuted protestants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who took the thrown back and made it protestant again after Bloody Mary? |
|
Definition
| Elizabeth (Boleyn's daughter) |
|
|
Term
| In charge of reformation movement in Switzerland, VERY negative view of life and took Luther a step further |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Luthers view was far too rosy, humans are despicable and there is nothing we can do to deserve salvation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| God has preordained who is damned and saved before we were born and theres nothing we can do about it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Challenged John Calvin saying arguing that Jesus death CAN provide everyone with salvation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Salvation through faith and catholic works |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Salvation through faith alone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Salvation through Divine grace ONLY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Salvation through faith and moral life |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the counter- reformation begin with ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the goals of the Council of Trent? |
|
Definition
Make reforms and reaffirm issues
•Addressed corruption
•Reaffirmed; salvation through faith and works, transubstantiation, veneration of saints, authority of priests, etc. |
|
|
Term
| The counter-reformation led to the rise of which two new religious orders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who called for the second vatican counsel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Vatican counsel II focus? |
|
Definition
| Interdenominational/interfaith focus |
|
|
Term
| What did the vatican II open up? |
|
Definition
| Its view as a political force and allowed lay involvement |
|
|
Term
| Prior to Vatican II mass was done in Latin, what happened? |
|
Definition
|
|
