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| A signal, frequently provided by interest groups, that tells a politician what values are at stake in an issue and how that issue fits into his her own set of political beliefs |
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| A mailing from an interest group focused a specialized audience whose purpose is both to raise money and mobilize supporters |
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| Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946 |
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| A law which required groups and individuals seeking to influence legislation to register with the secretary of the Senate and the clerk of the house of Representatives. Quarterly financial reports on expenses were also to be filed. Note: new reform legislation (1995) is more stringent |
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| Grassroots organizing is a political practice to create social change. Grassroots organizing is based on the power of the people to take collective action on their own behalf. |
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| An organization that attracts members by appealing to their interests on a coherent set of controversial principles |
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| A valued benefit obtained by joining a political organization |
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| Individuals or organization representing other organizations |
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| An organization of people sharing a common interest or goal that seeks to influence the making of public policy |
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| A lawsuit or civil action brought before a court in which the party commencing the action, the plaintiff, seeks a legal remedy. |
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| An interest group organized to influence governmental decisions, especially legislation. To lobby is to attempt to influence such decisions. |
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| A person attempting to influence government decisions on behalf of a group |
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| Benefits that have monetary value, including money, gifts, services, or discounts received as a result of one’s membership in an organization. |
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| A type of interest group that represents the interest of its members |
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| Pluralistic political system |
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| A description of the American political system, once used by scholars, contending that the policy-making process encompasses the effective competition of interest groups. This account is generally considered wrong, or at least incomplete |
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| A political organization the stated goals of which will principally benefit nonmembers |
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| The benefit that come from serving a cause or principle from which one does not personally benefit. |
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| An assessment of representative’s voting record on issues important to an interest group. Such ratings are designed to generate public support for or opposition to a legislator. |
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| A widely shared demand for change in some aspect of the social or political order. The civil rights movement of the 1960’s was such an event as are broadly based religious movements |
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| Splinter group of a political party |
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| Freedom of Information Act |
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| Act that incorporates sunshine laws; opened up the government’s meetings of record to the public and media |
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| A group theory characterized by many interest groups vying for control resulting in a government that is tied up in gridlock. |
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