Term
| 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) |
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Definition
| untranslated RNA after coding region |
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Term
| 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) |
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Definition
| untranslated RNA before coding region, aka 5'-leader |
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Term
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Definition
| regulation of transcription by binding to attenuator |
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Term
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Definition
| 28 base sequence, when transcribed into RNA, forms hairpin transcription when certain conditions aren't met |
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Term
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Definition
| repression of transcription from own promoter in either presence or absence of product |
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Term
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Definition
| hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of B-galactosides into monosaccharides, produced by activating lac operon as lacZ gene |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by adenylate cyclase, part of activator for lac operon |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to activator site (AS) upstream from lac promoter and activates lac operon transcription, activates more than 100 operons |
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Term
| CAP (catabolite activator protein) |
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Definition
| another name for cAMP receptor protein (CRP) |
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Term
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Definition
| transcription-level inhibition of the lactose enzymes and a variety of other inducible enzymes by glucose (or other readily used carbon sources) |
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Term
| catabolite-sensitive promoter |
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Definition
| sequences that promote transcription of enzymes responsible for catabolism of many other organic molecules, cannot be active if glucose is present |
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Term
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Definition
| group of three bases of mRNA nucleotide sequence which protein synthetic machinery reads that specifies an amino acid or termination signal |
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Term
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Definition
| synthesized at fixed rates under all growth conditions, usually perform basic cellular "housekeeping" functions |
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Term
| CRP (cAMP receptor protein) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| RNA degradation machine: RNase E, polynucletoide phosphorylase, ATP-dependent RNA helicase, and a few other enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| inducers that are not substrates of the activated gene |
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Term
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Definition
| molecule that starts gene expression, disable repressor proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| their rate of synthesis increases in response to the addition of a small molecule to the medium |
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Term
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Definition
| partially diploid, having a second copy of only part of its genome |
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Term
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Definition
| repressor turns off the transcription of one or more genes |
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Term
| nitrocellulose filter assay |
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Definition
| study repressor-operator binding: mixture of repressor and radioactive lac DNA passed through nitrocellulose filter; proteins stick to filters and radioactivity retain if filter and lacDNA form complex |
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Term
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Definition
| segment of mRNA that codes for a polypeptide chain, protein synthetic machinery begins reading the segment at a specific start codon and stops reading it at a specific termination |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA site to which a specific repressor protein binds and prevents the initiation of transcription at the adjacent promoter |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| polynucleotide phosphorylase |
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Definition
| degrades RNA by adding phosphate groups to phosphodiester bonds to form nucleoside diphosphates. Phosphorolytic cleavage beings at 3'-end and continues 3' to 5'. |
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Term
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Definition
| activator activates a promoter |
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Term
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Definition
| tRNA after cleavage by endonuclease and nucleotide removal by RNase D, generation of 5'P end and 3'OH end (CCA) : 5'P-41 bases-tRNA-2 bases-3'OH |
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Term
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Definition
| newly synthesized RNA molecule before it is processed |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA region that facilitates the transcription of a particular gene |
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Term
| promoter upstream element (UP element) |
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Definition
| region upstream of the core promoter that strengthens promoter |
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Term
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Definition
| determines whether a particular RNA molecule or class of RNA molecules is RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| enzymes that exhibit a decreased rate of synthesis in response to addition of a small molecule in the medium |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA-binding protein that regulates expression of one or more genes by binding to the operator and blocking the attachment of RNA polymerase to promoter |
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Term
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Definition
| cleave phosphodiester bonds by adding water 3' to 5' |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibition of rRNA and tRNA invoked by amino acid starvation that is regulated by synthesis of ppGpp and pppGpp |
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Term
| tRNA nucleotidyl transferase |
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Definition
| adds CCA is added to tRNA that lack CCA-3'-OH termination |
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