Term
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Definition
An enviromental factor that is not assoiated with the activities of living organsims. |
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Term
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Definition
| Precipitation such as rain, sleet or snow tha contains a high concentration of acids, because of the pollution of the atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| Any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water; acids turn blue litmus paper red and react with bases and some metals to form salts. |
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Definition
| Preipitatation that has pH below normal and has an unusually high concentration of sulfuric or nitric acids, often as a result of chemical pollution of the air from soures such as automobile exhausts and the burning of such fossil fuels |
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Definition
| The movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy |
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Definition
| the process of becoming adapted to an enviroment; an anatomical, physiologial, or behavioral change that improves a populations ability to survive |
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Term
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Definition
| the attractive force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact with each other |
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Definition
| describes a process that requires oxygen |
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Definition
| A grouping of cells or other organisms |
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Definition
| The contamination of the atmosphere by the introduction of pollutants from the human and natural sources. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic; such as hair color. |
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Term
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Definition
Any one of the 20 different organic molecules that contain a carboxyl and an amino group and that combine to form poteins |
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Definition
| the formation of ammonia compounds in the soil by the action of bacteria on decaying matter. |
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Term
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Definition
| describes a process that does not require oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| a phase of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes seperate |
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Term
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Definition
| a region of tRNA that consists of three bases complementary to the codon of mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| A porous rock or sediment that stores and allows the flow of groundwater |
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Definition
| a classification kingdom made up of bacteria that live in extreme enviroments; differentiated from other prokaryotes by various important chemical differences. |
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Term
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Definition
| a member of the phylum ______, which includes invertebrate animals such as insects, crustaceans, and arachnids; characterized by having segmented bodies and paired appendages |
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Term
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Definition
| reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
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Definition
| the absorbtion and incorporation of nitrogen compounds into plant and animal cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for the cell processes; composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar and three phosphate groups |
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Term
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Definition
| Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances or from the enviroment instead of consuming other organisms |
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Definition
| a virus that infects bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water; bases turn red litmus paper blue and react with acids to form salts |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of asexual reproduction in single cleed organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size. |
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Term
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Definition
| The number and variety of organisms in a given area during a specific period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| The circulation of substances through the living organsims from or to the enviroment |
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Term
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Definition
| the accumulation of increasingly large amounts of toxic substances within each successive link of the food chain. |
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Term
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Definition
| the scientific study of living organisms and their interactions with the enviroment |
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Definition
| organic matter that can can be a source of energy; the total mass of the organisms in a given area |
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Term
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Definition
| A large region characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plant and animal communities. |
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Term
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Definition
| An enviromental factor that is associated with or results from the activities of living organsims |
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Term
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Definition
| a tumor in which the cells begin dividing at an uncontrolled rate and become invasive |
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Term
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Definition
| any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that eats animals |
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Term
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Definition
| a factor that changes in an experiment in order to test a hypothesis |
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Term
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Definition
| in biology, any agent, such as a plasmid or a virus, that can incorporate foreign DNA and transfer that DNA from on organism to another, an intermediate host that transfets a pathogen or a parasite to another organism |
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Term
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Definition
| the specialized conducting tissue that is found in higher plants and that is made up mostly of xylem and phloem |
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Term
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Definition
| an animal that has a backbone; includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish |
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Term
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Definition
| a structure in an organism that is reduced in size and function and that may have been complete and functional in the organism's ancestors |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the four bases that combine with sugar and phosphate to form a nucleotide subunit RNA; uracil pairs with adenine |
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Term
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Definition
| describes organisms or genotypes that are homozygous for a specific trait and thus always produce offspring that have the same phenotkype for that trait |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the steps in a food chain or food pyramid; examples include producers and primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stomata; also the release of water vapor into the air by other organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| the portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains |
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Term
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Definition
| an RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the growing end of a polypeptide chain during translation |
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Term
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Definition
the process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template; particularly the process of synthesizing RNA by using one strand on a DNA molecule as a template [image] |
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Term
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Definition
| a genetically determined characteristic |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of similiar cells that perform a common function |
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Term
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Definition
| an explanation for some phenomenon that is based on observcation, experimentation and reasoning |
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Term
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Definition
| the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype |
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Term
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Definition
| the final stage of mitosis or meiosis, during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| a relationship in which two different organisms live in close association with each other |
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Term
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Definition
| in plants and algae that have alternation of generations, the diploid individual or generation that produces haploid spores |
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Term
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Definition
| a reproductive cell or multicellular structure that is resistant to environmental conditions and that can develop into an adult without fusion with another cell |
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Term
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Definition
| an aquatice invertebrate of the phylum Porifera that attaches to stones or plants and that has porous structure and a tough, elastic skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
| a network of microtubules that forms during mitosis and moves chromatids to the poles |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which male gametes form |
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Term
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Definition
| the male gamete(sex cell) |
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Term
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Definition
| an index that combines the number and relative abundance of different species in a community |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring; also the level of classification below the genus and above subspecies |
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Term
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Definition
| the formation of new species as a result of evolution by natural selection |
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Term
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Definition
| a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase |
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Term
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Definition
| a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| reproduction in which gametes from two parents unite |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
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Term
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Definition
| a vascular plant that reproduces with spores rather than seeds ( ferns are the most common examples) |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which one community replaces another community that has been partially or totally destroyed |
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Term
| scanning tunnel microscope |
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Definition
| a microscope that produces an enlarged, three-dimensional image of an object's surface by using an extremely fine probe tip and measuring small changes of current as the tip approaches the surface |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme that starts ( catalyzes) the formation of RNA by using a strand of DNA molecule as a template |
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Term
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Definition
| ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA found within an organelle that contains most of the RNA in the cell and that is responsible for ribosome function |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme that destroys foreign DNA molecules by cutting most of the RNA in the cell and that is responsible for ribosome function |
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Term
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Definition
| in microscopes, the ability to form images with fine detail |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability of members of a population to successfully interbreed with members of another population of the same of related species |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| DNA molecules that are artificially created by combining DNA from different sources |
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Term
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Definition
| describes a trait or an allele that is expressed only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein that binds specific signal molecules, which causes the cell to respond |
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Term
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Definition
| a method of determining the age on an object by estimating the relative percentages of a radioactive (parent) isotope and a stable (daughter) isotope |
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Term
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Definition
| an isotope that has an unstable nucleus and that emits radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| a graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross |
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Term
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Definition
| a model of evolution in which short periods of drastic change in species, including mass extinctions and rapid speciation, are separated by long periods of little or no change |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that belongs to the kingdom Protista |
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Term
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Definition
| an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells |
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Term
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Definition
| the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| the first stage of mitosis and meiosis in cell division; characterized by the condensation of the chromosomes and the dissolution of the nuclear envelope |
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Term
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Definition
an organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus or cell organelles; an example is bacterium |
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Term
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Definition
| the zone in a freshwater habitat to which little sunlight penetrates |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that can make organic molecules from inorganic molecules; a photosynetic or chemosynthetic autotroph that serves as the basic food source in an ecosystem |
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Term
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Definition
| the likelihood that a possible future event wil occur in any given instance of the event; the mathematical ratio of the number of times one outcome of any event is likely to occur to the number of possible outcomes of the event |
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Term
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Definition
| a solution of chemicals hypothsized to be present on Earth at the time of the origin of life |
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Term
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Definition
| successsion that begins in an area that previously did not support life |
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Term
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Definition
| the total amount of organic material that the autotrophic organisms of an ecosystem produce |
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Term
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Definition
| a statement made in advance that expresses the results that will be obtained from testing a hypothesis if teh hypthesis is supported; the expected outcome if a hypthesis is accurate |
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Term
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Definition
| an interaction between two species in which one species, the predator, feeds on the other species, the prey |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of individuals in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| in biology, the smallest unit that can perform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and have a nucleus and cytoplasm. |
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Term
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Definition
| a hypothetical population that tries to show the key characteristics of a real population |
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Term
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Definition
a characteristic of an organism that is determined by many genes |
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Term
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Definition
| a covalent bond in whcih a pair of electrons shared by two atoms is held more closely by one atom |
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Term
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Definition
| the mass of mostly microscopic organisms that float or drift freely in the waters of aquatic (freshwater and marine) environments |
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Term
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Definition
| a species that colonizes an uninhabited area and that starts an ecological cycle in which many other species become established |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that gives another substance or mixture its color |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, CO2 and H20 to produce carbohydrates and 02 |
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Term
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Definition
| a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from the organism's genotype |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| a relationship between two species in which one species, the parasite, benefits from the other species, the host, and usually harms the host |
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Term
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Definition
| a scientist who studies fossils |
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Term
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Definition
| parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross |
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Term
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Definition
| the largest population that an enviroment can support at any given time |
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Term
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Definition
| the life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotes, it consists of a cell growth period in which DNA is synthesized and a cell division period in which mitosis takes place. |
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Term
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Definition
| a phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and its enviroment. |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that states that all living things are made up of cells, thats ells are the basic units of organisms, that each cell in a multicellular organism has a specific job, and that cells come only from existing cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support for the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which cells produce energy from carbhydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxie. |
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Term
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Definition
| A large cavity or sac that is found in plant cells or protozoans and that contains air or partially digested food. |
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Term
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Definition
| The region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrocarbons in which some or all of the hyrdrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine and fluorine; used in coolants for refrigerators and air conditioners and in cleaning solvents; their use is restricted because they destroy the ozone |
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Term
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Definition
| a green pigment that is present in most plant cells, taht gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form cabohydrates. |
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Term
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Definition
| an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthsis occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA, |
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Term
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Definition
| a hairlike structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| the average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism tha is produced by asexual reproduction and that is genetically identical to its parent; to make a genetic duplicate. |
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Term
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Definition
| marine animals such as jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals that have tentacles and use stinging cells to catch their prey. |
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Term
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Definition
| in DNA, a three nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process in which long-term, interdependent changes take place in two species as a result of their interactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| the force that holds molecules of a single material together. |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of individuals of the same species that are living closely together. |
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Term
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Definition
| a relationship between two organsims in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected. |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship between species that attempt to use the same limited resouce. |
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Term
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Definition
| a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance. |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter instead of producing its own nutrients from inorganic sources. |
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Term
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Definition
| an experiment that tests only one factor at a time by using comparison of a control group with an experimental group. |
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Term
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Definition
| a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. |
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Term
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Definition
| the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; can result in genetic recombination. |
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Term
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Definition
| the division of the cytoplasm of a cell; cytokinesis follows the divison of the cell's nucleus by mitosis or meiosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| the cytoplasmic network of protein filaments that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, and division. |
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Term
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Definition
| the liberation of nitrogen from nitrogen-containing compounds by bacteria in the soil. |
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Term
| Density-dependent factors |
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Definition
| a variable affected by the number of organisms present in a given area. |
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Term
| Density-independent factors |
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Definition
| A variable that affects a population regardless of the population density; such as climate. |
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Term
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Definition
| a consumer that feeds on dead plants and animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density |
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Term
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Definition
| a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| in optics, the process of seperating a wave (such as white light) of different frequencies into its individual component waves (the different colors). |
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Term
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Definition
| deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of making a copy of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| in a taxonomic system based on rRNA analysis, one of the three broad groups that all living things fall into. |
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Term
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Definition
| describes the allele that is fully expressed when carried by only one of a pair homologous chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| the spiral staircase structure characteristic of the DNA moleule. |
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Term
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Definition
| a radially symmetrical marine invertebrate that has an endoskeleton, such as a starfish, a sea urchin, or a sea cucumber. |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of interactions of living organisms with one another and with their enviroment. |
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Term
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Definition
| A community of organisms and their abiotic enviroment. |
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Term
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Definition
| the variety of organisms, species, and cummunities in an ecosystem. |
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Term
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Definition
| a microscope that focuses a beam of electrons to magnify objects. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that cannot be seperated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of an element have the same atomic number. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| a system of membranes that is found in a cells cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the layer of the atmosphere at an altitude of 15 to 40 km in whicih ozone absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| the diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution ( of a solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent |
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Term
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Definition
| a triangular diagram that shows an ecosystem's loss of energy, which results as energy passes through the ecosystem's food chain; each row in the pyramid represents a trophic level in an ecosystem'and the area of a row represents the energy stored in that trophic level. |
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Term
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Definition
| a living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function |
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Term
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Definition
| in chemistry, the state in which a chemical reaction and the reverse chemical reaction occur at the same rate such that the concentrations of reactants and products do not change. |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, multiple chromosomes, and a mitotic cycle; eukaryotes include animals, plants, and fungi but not bacteria or cyanobacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| a cell that has a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, multiple chromosomes, and a mitotic cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| a unit of gene regulation and transcription in bacterial DNA that consists of a promoter, an operator, and one or more structural genes |
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Term
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Definition
| a short sequence of viral or bacterial DNA to which a repressor binds to prevent transcription (mRNA synthesis) of the adjacent gene in an operon |
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Term
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Definition
| the production, growth, and maturation of an egg or an ovum |
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Term
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Definition
| in a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base |
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Term
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Definition
| an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or more chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information |
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Term
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Definition
| plants that produce seeds w/o flowers, often in structures like cones, and that have naked ovules at the time of pollination (a.k.a gymnosperms) |
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Term
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Definition
| the processs by which gaseous nitrogen is converted into ammnia, a compound that organisms can use to make amino acids and other nitrogen-containing organic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which nitrites and nitrates are produced by bacteria in the soil |
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Term
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Definition
| the position (way of life) of a species in an ecosystem in terms of teh physical characterisitcs (such as size, location, temperature, and pH) of the are where the species lives and the function of the species in the biological community |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which individuals that have favorable variations and are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more succssfully than less well adapted individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| a symbiotic association b/t fungi and plant roots |
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Term
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Definition
| a relationship between two species in whcih both species benefit |
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Term
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Definition
| a change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| more than two alleles (versions of the gene) for a genetic trait |
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Term
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Definition
| describes a tissue, organ, or organism that is made of many cells |
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Term
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Definition
| a cross b/t individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits |
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Term
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Definition
| an invertebrate that has a soft, bilaterally symmetrical body that is often enclosed in a hard shell made of calcium carbonate,; examples include snails, clams, octopuses, and squids |
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest unit of a substance that keeps all the physical and chemical properties of that substance, it can consist of one atom or two or more atoms bonded together |
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Term
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Definition
| in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has teh same # of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| short chains of amino acids that come together into tiny droplets when placed in water and whose surface is like that of a cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the stages of mitosis and meisos, during which all of the chromosomes move to the cell's equator |
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Term
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Definition
| the sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the infor to make a protein |
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Term
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Definition
a process in cell division during which the # of chromosomes decreases to half the original # by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in teh production of sex cells (gametes or spores) |
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Term
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Definition
| an episode during which large #s of species become extinct |
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Term
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Definition
| the increase of an object's apparent size by using lenses or mirrors |
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Term
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Definition
| a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| a shallow zone in a freshwater habitat where light reaches the bottom and nurtures plants |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water, including fats and steroids; lipids store energy and make up cell membranes |
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Term
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| the area in a freshwater habitat that is away from the shore but still close to the surface |
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| a microscope that uses a beam of visible light passing through one or more lenses to magnify an object |
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| all of the events in the growth and development of an organism until the organism reaches sexual maturity |
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| Mendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete |
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| law of independent assortment |
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| the law that states that genes separeate independently of one another in meiosis |
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| a kingdom of mostly one-celled eukaryotic organisms that are different from plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi |
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| a classification kingdom made up of eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that have cell walls made mostly of cellulose, that have pigments that absorb light, and that supply energy and oxygen to themselves and to other life-forms through photosynthesis |
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| a classification kingdom made up of nongreen, eukaryotic organisms that get food by breaking down organic matter and absorbing the nutrients, reproduce by means of spores, and have no means of movement |
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| a classification kingdom that contains all prokaryotes except archaebacteria |
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| the classification kingdom containing complex, multicellular organisms that lack cell walls, are usually able to move around, and possess specialized sense organs that help them quickly respond to their environment |
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| an atom that has the same # of protons ( or the same atomic #)as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons ( and thus a different atomic mass) |
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| a force that attracts electrons from one atom to another, which transforms a neutral atom into an ion |
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| an atom, radical or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge |
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| a period b/t two miotic or meiotic divisoins durin gwhich the cell grows, copies its DNA, and synthesizes proteins |
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| a period b/t two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows, copies its DNA, synthesizes proteins |
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| a condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate b/t the phenotype of the individual's two parents b/c the dominant allele is unable to express itself fully |
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| a theory or explanation that is based on observations and that can be tested |
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| a nonreproductive filament of a fungus |
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| describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes |
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| the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment; a constant internal state that is maintained in a changing environment by continually making adjustments to the internal and external environment |
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| describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait |
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| an organisms that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their byproducts and that cannot synthesize organic compounds from inorganic materials |
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| the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring |
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| an organism that eats only plants |
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| the princicple that states that the frequency of alleles in a population does not change unless evolutionary forces act upon it |
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| describes a cell, nucleus, or organisms, species, and communities in a habitat |
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| the time required for half of a sample of radioactive substance to disintegrate by radioactive decay or by natural processes |
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| the variety of organisms, species, and communities in a habitat |
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| the place where an organism usually lives |
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| the wter that is beneath the Earth's surface |
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| the warming of the surface and the lower atmosphere as a result of carbon dioside and water vapor, which absorb and reradiate infared radiation |
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| a model of evolution in whcih gradual change over a long period of time leads to biological diversity |
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| cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell |
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| a gradual increase in the average global temperature that is due to a higher concentration og gases such as carbon dioside in the atmosphere |
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| the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits |
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| the science of heredity and of the mechanisms by which traits are passed from parents to offspring |
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| a technology in which the genome of a living cell is modified for medical or industrial use |
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| the genetic variation within a population |
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| the manifestation of the genetic material of an organism in the form on specific traits |
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| a segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome and that codes for a specific hereditary trait |
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| in alternation of generations, the phase in which gametes are formed; a haploid individual that produces gametes |
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| a haploid reproductive cell that united with another haploid reproductive cell to form a zygote |
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| the trace or remains of an organisms that lived long ago, preserved in sedimentary rock |
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| a diagram that shows the feeding relationships b/t organisms in an ecosystem |
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| the pathway of energy transfer through various stage as a result of the feeding patterns of a series of organisms |
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| plants the produce seeds in fruits (a.k.a angiosperms) |
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| a long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move |
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| the 2nd generation of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms; the offspring of the F1 generation |
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| the first generatin of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms |
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| logarithmic growth, or growth in which numbers increase by a certain factor in each successive time period |
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| the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out |
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| a change in characterisitics of a population from one genertaion to the next; the gradual development of organisms from other organisms since the beginnings of life |
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