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| Thomas Jefferson. turnover of power from the Federalist Party, embodied in Alexander Hamilton, to Thomas Jefferson and his Democratic-Republican Party. |
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| Andrew Jackson. Redefined the party system in the United States. The Democratic-Republicans split into two parties, later renamed as the Democratic Party and the Whig Party. |
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| Abraham Lincoln. Ascendence of the Republican Party. The Republican party was pledged to the long-term ending of slavery, which was proximate cause of secession. Republicans rallied around nationalism in 1861 and fought the American Civil War to end secession. Under Lincoln's leadership, switched to a goal of short-term ending of slavery. |
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| William McKinley. Status of this election disputed. Realignment because of new post-Civil War issues and first instance of modern campaign tactics. |
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| Franklin D. Roosevelt. Redefined the parties. In many ways, Roosevelt's legacy still defines the Democratic Party; he forged an enduring New Deal Coalition of big city machines, the White South, intellectuals, labor unions, Catholics, Jews, and Westerners |
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| Ronald Regan. Republicans took control of the Senate for the first time in over 25 years. New policies makes this election realigning. |
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