Shared Flashcard Set

Details

RD Exam Prep
Nutrition
95
Health Care
Graduate
12/05/2009

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Etiology
Definition
Study the cause of disease
Term
Epidemiology
Definition
Study frequency of disease
Term
3 Learning Domains
Definition

Cognitive- memory & physical solving

Psychomotor- physical manipulation or movement

Affective- emotions & attitude

Term
What is the advantage of formal lecture material in education?
Definition
Formal lecture allows most material to be covered in the shortest amount of time.
Term
Describe correlation coefficient?
Definition

Is the strong at -1.0 and 1.0. As the correlation gets closer to zero, it becomes weaker.

-1 strong, -1.5 weaker, 0 weakest, 0.5 weaker, 1 strong

Term
Name the least effective way to learn.
Definition
Self-instructional modules that are done on ones own time.
Term
When should a literature review section of a research paper be completed?
Definition
Before the beginning of the actual research.
Term
Name 4 basic parts of a research study & describe each.
Definition

Intro: Reviews the literature & gives a brief outline of study

Method: Describe how data was obtained through its research design

Result: Immerical Statistics. The outcome of study & statistical analysis

Discussion & Conclusion: Describe relationship between hypothesis & result including significance of study

Term

AP

EP

Yield

Factors include:

Definition

As Purchased

Edible Portion

EP /AP

Trim, Shrinkage, Non-edible waste, Poor handling

Term
What is meant by insensible water losses?
Definition
This occurs through our skin via evaporation and as we sweat, and through the moisture loss as we breathe.
Term
A business pays 4% of its income for rent ($1200), 70% toward labor & food costs, and $2500 towards other expenses monthly.  How much profit does this business make per month?
Definition

4% x $1200=    +30,000 total

30,000 x 70%= -21,000 labor & food cost

                          - 1,200 rent

                          - 2,500 other expenses

        Answer =   $5,300 in profit

 

Term
Which oven is most efficient per cubic feet of space?
Definition
Convection.  Cooks 1/3 to 3/4 faster than deck and cooks at lower temperature.
Term
Information on the incidence or prevelance of nutrition related health problems would be located in?
Definition

NHNESII

National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys II

Term
Vegetables that have thiols are considered to be the most protective agaisnt cancer. What are the vegetables containing thiols?
Definition
Cabbage family and onions
Term
The smoke point temperature for fat is
Definition
Above 442 degrees
Term
What feeding method would you recommend for a patient who had previous good diet hx who had undergone extensive bowel surgery and has anileus and fever 8 days post operatively?
Definition

Best choice: PPN avoids GI tract

 

TPN would contra indicate in a patient with high temperature.

 

Term
Patient has severe acute pancreatitis with nausea and vomiting, and requires 2500kcals per day.  What regimen would you recommend?
Definition

1000cc of D50w, 1000cc of 7% aa, 500cc 10% lipid 

Total 2,530kcals

Term
Since the 1940s, the development of nutrient recommendations has been led by:
Definition
The Food and Nutrition Board
Term
To improve the absorption of calcium, you should not include:
Definition
Oxalic acid.  It binds to Calcium decreasing absorption.
Term
A naturally occurring substance in the body that is an essential component of mitochondrial electron transport system is:
Definition
Coenzyme Q10
Term
Define "philosophy of the organization"
Definition
A framework for organizational goals and objectives.
Term
Define "prosectus"
Definition
Well thought out plans to ensure completeness.
Term
Describe participative style of leadership.
Definition

Manager presents problems, gets suggestions from employees and makes a decision. 

 

This develops leadership skills in employees.

Term
Describe the traditional or classical school of management.
Definition
People are motivated to work through money; emphasis is on work and the organization; high productivity is expected.
Term
Describe Frederick Taylor [who & what]
Definition
The father of scientific management. Promoted the thought of working smarter, not harder.
Term
Describe Henry Gantt [who & what]
Definition
The father of scheduling. Developed the Gantt charts for charting time and tasks.
Term
Describe the Human Relations School of Management.
Definition
Employees are motivated to work through respect, responsibility, etc [money is not a factor]; emphasis is on the employee: human element is important.
Term
Name Maslow's 5 Hierarchy of Needs
Definition

Level 1: physiological needs

Level 2: safety and security

Level 3: sense of belonging

Level 4: esteem

Level 5: self-actualization

Term
Define the term "unity of command."
Definition
There is one main boss.
Term
Define the term "chain of command"
Definition
The formal lines of authority and communication.
Term
"Staff position"
Definition
An advisory, external and/or support position.
Term
"Line position"
Definition
An internal, responsible for production, direct line of authority/position.
Term
McGregor's Theory X
Definition
People dislike to work and need direction & close supervision.  A traditional or classical thought of management.
Term
"Span of Control"
Definition

The scope of responsibility of the number of employees under a supervisor.

 

"A narrow or small span of control is best with new and untrained employees"

Term
"Organization chart"
Definition
A chart showing the authority and formal lines of communication in an institution.
Term
Describe Elton Mayo [what is it]
Definition
Humanistic approach to management.  Realized that recognition could increase employee productivity.
Term
Describe Herzberg's Dual Factor Theory.
Definition
Humanistic approach to management.  Realized that recognition and responsibility could improve productivity.
Term
Describe the difference between job description and job specification.
Definition

J.D.- are the duties of a job

J.S.- specifies the minimum qualifications or standards needed.

Term
When interviewing, what questions are illegal to ask?
Definition
Questions concerning marital status, children, religion, age, and other EEOC issues.
Term
McGregor's Theory Y
Definition
States that people thrived while working, could exercise self-control and revel in responsibility.  A humanistic thought of management.
Term
Ouchi's Theory Z
Definition
Team work and job 'family' is important. Loyalty to the job is key.
Term
Union shop
Definition
The employee must join the union after a specified probation time period.
Term
What is usually the basis of advancement of a union employee?
Definition
Seniority
Term
Closed shop
Definition
The organization can only hire union employees. This practice is illegal due to discrimination.
Term
Agency shop
Definition
Employees don't have to join the union but must contribute money to the union.
Term
What is the best way to train and orient new employees?
Definition
Using preplanned programs that are standardized for all employees of the job.
Term
When should an employee be given his/her performance expectations?
Definition
On the first day of employment.
Term
Describe the role of the shop steward.
Definition
The shop steward is the union representative in the organization.  He/she is voted in by the other union employees in the organization.
Term
Arbitration
Definition
An objective third party is brought in during an impasse to make decisions to resolve disagreements between union and management.
Term
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Definition
Employers are not allowed to practice the most obvious forms of discrimination based on color, race, religion, sex or national origin.
Term
Age Discrimination Act
Definition
Prohibits employer with 20 or more workers from discriminating against employees 40 years and older.
Term
Collective bargaining
Definition
Negotiations between the union and management concerning working conditions, pay, etc.
Term
Grievance [disciplinary] procedures
Definition

1st- oral warning

2nd- written

3rd- suspension

4th- termination

Term
Mediation
Definition
An objective third party helps to resolve differences during negotiations.
Term
Norris-LaGuardia Act
Definition
Protects the employees from discrimination during time of strike.
Term
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
Definition
Protects the employees bargaining rights. It investigates any labor dispute that affects interstate commerce.
Term
Workmen's Compensation
Definition

Compensation is given to employees who are involved in accidents at work.

 

'This is administracted by each state government'

Term
Equal Pay Act
Definition
Requires employers to pay equal wages to men and women for doing the same job.
Term
Wagner Act of 1935
Definition

AKA National Labor Relations Act

 

Prevents management from taking unfair actions against employees who wich to join unions.

Term
How many FTEs would it take to cover 12 positions, 8hrs a day, 7 days a week.
Definition

12 positions x 8hrs x7 days= 672 hrs

672 hrs/40 hrs/ FTE= 16.8 or

17 FTEs

Term
Osteoblast
Definition
Cells that forms bone structure.
Term
Osteoclast
Definition
Cells that breakdown bone structure.
Term
Name the chemical name and symbol for heme and non-heme iron.
Definition

Fe+++=non-heme or ferric iron

 

Fe++=heme or ferrous iron

(more bioavailable)

Term
How is the size of a cell classified?
Definition

Macrocytic= large cell size

Normocytic= normal cell size

Microcytic= small cell size

Term
How is color of a cell classified?
Definition

Hyperchromic= high color index

Normochromic= normal color index

Hypochromic= low color index

Term
Hemosiderosis
Definition
Increased storage of insoluble iron in the spleen and liver without tissue damage.
Term
Describe heme vs. non-heme iron
Definition

heme: iron does not require a reducing agent to make it absorbable in the body.  Found in meat and animal tissue. Only 50% of iron from animals is hem iron.


Non-heme: iron found in plants must have reducing agent, like vitamin C.

Term
Describe soluble fiber and give examples.
Definition

Has the ability to hold water, forms gels and plays a role in fermentation by colonic bacteria.

Pectins, gums and some hemicelluloses

Term
Glycolysis
Definition
Anaerobic breakdown of glucose forming pyruvic acid
Term
Glycogenesis
Definition
Cause of formation of glycogen; due to insulin or other anabolic conditions.
Term
Describe insoluble fiber and give examples.
Definition

Major source is from bran layer of cereal grains.

Cellulose and some hemicellulose.

Lignin gives a woody structure to plants and remains as long, tough strings in cooked vegetables.

Term
Describe the role of chylomicrons
Definition
Transports dietary TGs to the liver, utilizing the lymph system.
Term
Describe the role of VLDL
Definition
Transports TGs (triacylglycerol) from the liver to muscles and adipose tissue
Term
Describe the role of LDL cholesterol
Definition
Carries cholesterol from the liver to tissues. This is the main cause of atherogenesis.
Term
Describe the role of HDL cholesterol
Definition

Transport excess cholesterol to

-the liver to be recycled into bile acids and

-to be excreted from the body

Term
Glycogenolysis
Definition
The breakdown of glycogen due to glucagon and other catabolic conditions to glucose.
Term
Describe the difference between insulin and glucagon
Definition

Insulin: is produced by the beta cells in the islets of langerhans and decreases blood glucose.

Glucagon: is produced by the alpha cell in the islets of langerhans and causes a rise in the blood glucose by increasing glucogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

Term
Gluconeogenesis
Definition
Formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like protein and fat.
Term
Who is most likely in nitrogen-balance?
Definition
A healthy adult (non-pregnant or lactating)
Term
Hemo chromatosis
Definition
A potential fatal disorder in which cellular damage has occurred due to large amounts of hemosiderin in the liver and spleen.
Term
Anemia
Definition

A reduction in the :

-size

-number of RBCs

and/or the quality of

-hemoglobin (color), resulting in decrease ability to carrying oxygen in blood.

Term
Anabolism
Definition
The building up of molecules.
Term
Catabolism
Definition
The breakdown of molecules
Term
Who is most likely in positive nitrogen balance?
Definition

Infants, pregnant woman, adolescent, and persons recovering from illness.

 

 

Term
Describe the protein needs for athletes?
Definition
There is no difference than for other people (0.8-1.0gm/kg)
Term
Which amino acid is a precursor to Tyrosine?
Definition
Phenylalanine
Term
Which amino acid can synthesize serotonin?
Definition
Tryptophan
Term
What is PKU?
Definition

Due to an enzyme deficiency, phenylalanine is not converted to tyrosine causing a build-up of phenylalanine

"nutrasweet contains a significant amount of phenylalanine and must be labeled on food products"

Term
Name the 3 monosaccharides
Definition
Glucose, fructose, galactose
Term
Name the 3 disaccharides.
Definition

Maltose (glucose + glucose)

Sucrose (glucose + fructose)

Lactose (glucose + galactose)

Term

How much of a product to buy given a known edible portion amount and the yield of the product?

EP= 37.4 lbs

Yield= 81%

Definition
37.4 lbs / 81% = 46.2 lbs
Supporting users have an ad free experience!