Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| spinal curve in a new born |
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Definition
| long, kyphotic curve, rigid thoracic area, flexed low back |
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Term
| how does the cervical lordosis develop in a new born |
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Definition
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Term
| how does a lumbar lordosis develop in a new born |
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Definition
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Term
| how is the pelvis postioined at birth? |
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Definition
| posterior tilt d/t kyphotic lumbar spine |
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Term
| what happens to the acetabulum as the new born develops |
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Definition
| moves in a downward orientation |
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Term
| purpose of the acetabulum shifting downward and the pelvis now moving in an A/P tilt? |
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Definition
| to get trunk efficiently over LE's and increase effectiveness of lower abdominals |
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Term
| at birth, what is the position of the hips |
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Definition
| flexed, externally rotated, flexion contracture |
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Term
| how does hip extension develop in the early months |
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Definition
| positioning and antigravity movements |
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Term
| what does the femur look like in a new born |
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Definition
| coxa valga, antetorsion, mild varus bowing |
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Term
| what does a newborn's knee look like |
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Definition
| flexion contracture when hips are minimally flexed, physiologic genu varum |
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Term
| how does a baby develop genu valgum in the knee? |
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Definition
| different growth rates of lateral and medial condyles + tibial torsion |
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Term
| genu valgum of the knee peaks at age 3 and usually resolves by age... |
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Definition
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Term
| why does genu valgum resolve itself by age 8? |
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Definition
| maturity of the gait pattern |
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Term
| name the progession of the knee from newborn to puberty |
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Definition
| moderate genu varum, minimal genu varum, legs straight, physiologic genu valgum, slight genu valgum |
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Term
| how far can a new born dorsiflex |
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Definition
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Term
| how does a foot arch form |
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Definition
| as a function of weight bearing after the child pulls to stand and is weight shifting over fixed foot |
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Term
| abnormal positioning of the foot. child is born with it. may be splinted but accomodation may have to be considered as well |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| why do the toes develop hyperextension in the early months? |
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Definition
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Term
| what reflex is needed for extension of toes to develop |
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Definition
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Term
| why should jolly jumpers be discouraged |
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Definition
| pounds on underdevelop hip, not natural developed |
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Term
|
Definition
| elevated, adducted, internally rotated |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| wrists and fingers at birth |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what happens to the shoulder in the early months |
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Definition
| increase in abduction, flexion, and external rotation |
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Term
| what allows for wrist extension and finger hyperextension in the middle months? |
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Definition
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Term
| what incresases shoudler flexion in the middle months |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what increases forearm supination in the middle months? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what does scapular mobility allow for? |
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Definition
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Term
| scpaular adduction stabilizes back for what? |
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Definition
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Term
| scapular adduction stabilizes the spine/trunk which allows the UE's to relax and the shoulders do what? |
|
Definition
| reach full flexion and abduction |
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|
Term
| shape of rib cage/chest at birth |
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Definition
| equilateral triangular shaped. apex of curve upward to cervical spine. Ribs are horizontal |
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Term
| shape of rib cage/chest during middle months |
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Definition
| square to rectangular in shape d/t cervical area developing to even out the triangle. ribs still horizontal |
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Term
| rib cage/chest in the late months |
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Definition
| chest becomes more elliptical/elongated and ribs move down with upright posture and the pull of abdominals |
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Term
| why do infants looks like they have large bellies? |
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Definition
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Term
| as a general rule, what are the muscles normally short at birth? |
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Definition
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Term
| mm normally short at birth: chest (2) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| mm normally short at birth: upper back (2) |
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Definition
| scapular elevators, lattisimus dorsi |
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Term
| mm normally short at birth: "core" (2) |
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Definition
| rectus abdominis, quadratus lumborum |
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Term
| mm normally short at birth: UE (3) |
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Definition
| biceps brachii, forearm pronators, long finger flexors |
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|
Term
| mm normally short at birth: LE (4) |
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Definition
| HS, hip flexors (psoas), rectus femoris, long toe flexors |
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|
Term
| how does rectus abdominus become lengthened as a result of gravity and movement? |
|
Definition
| prone positions, and lumbar extension |
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|
Term
| how would the hamstrings lengthen as a result of gravity and movement? |
|
Definition
| supine positions, foot to mouth |
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|
Term
| 2-3 year olds have a pot belly d/t what |
|
Definition
| lumbar lordosis d/t weak abdominals, anterior pelvic tilt |
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|
Term
| at 3-5 years old what is the issue with tissue growing speeds? |
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Definition
| muscle grows faster than bone |
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Term
| muscel growing faster than bone impacts what? |
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Definition
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Term
| at 3-5 years old, the LEs/feet grow more rapidly than the |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| at 3-5 years old, the (2) grow more rapidly than the trunk |
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Definition
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Term
| at 3-5 years, what should the knees look like? |
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Definition
| knee varus should be out grown |
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Term
| 6-11 years is a time of rapid tissue growth for what tissue |
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Definition
| hyper-plastic growth of long bones of the extremitites |
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Term
| at 6-11 years old, these bones are also seeing development |
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Definition
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|
Term
| issue with president's test at 6-11 years odl |
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Definition
| bones may be too long for mm to accomodate |
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Term
| what are the 6 general developmental causes of ROM limitations |
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Definition
| Congenital malformations, In-utero, poor positioning, primitive reflex influence, poor antigravity strength, poor neuromuscular control |
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|
Term
| Developmental causes of ROM limitations: (3) |
|
Definition
| arthrogryposis, vertebrae malformations/scoliosis, develomental hip dysplasia |
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|
Term
| Developmental causes of ROM limitations: in utero (1) |
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Definition
| CMT (congenital muscular torticollis) |
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|
Term
| Developmental causes of ROM limitations: poor positioning |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how is wind-swept deformity named? |
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Definition
| in the way that the knees are facing |
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|
Term
| if the child has a right wind-swept deformity which hip is at risk? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Developmental causes of ROM limitations: primitive reflex influence (1) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Developmental causes of ROM limitations: poor antigravity strength (1) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Developmental causes of ROM limitations: poor neuromuscular control (1) |
|
Definition
| cerebral palsy: hypertonicity |
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Term
|
Definition
| partial unilateral failure of pormation |
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Term
|
Definition
| complete unilateral failure of formation |
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Term
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Definition
| unilateral failure of segementation |
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Term
|
Definition
| bilateral failure of segmentation |
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Term
| 4 potential reasons for Congenital muscular torticollis? (4) |
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Definition
| local ishemia (compartment syndrome), fibrotic muscle, packaging problem, denervation/compression of accessory nerve |
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Term
| describe te packaging problem in CMT |
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Definition
| hip, met add, breech, primiparous (1st born) |
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Term
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Definition
| for the tight SCM, looking away from the tight SCM |
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Term
| in CMT the SCM is tilted toward which SCM? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| in CMT the head is rotated toward which shoulder |
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Definition
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|
Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| danger of lack of tummy time |
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Definition
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Term
| postural or phasic muscle descriptors: deep |
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Definition
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|
Term
| postural or phasic muscle descriptors: multi-pennate |
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Definition
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|
Term
| postural or phasic muscle descriptors: short fibers |
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Definition
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|
Term
| postural or phasic muscle descriptors: endurance |
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Definition
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|
Term
| postural or phasic muscle descriptors: cross 1 joint |
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Definition
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|
Term
| postural or phasic muscle descriptors: stabilizers |
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Definition
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|
Term
| postural or phasic muscle descriptors: function in a mid to shortened range |
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Definition
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|
Term
| postural or phasic muscle descriptors: superficial |
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Definition
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|
Term
| postural or phasic muscle descriptors: unipennate |
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Definition
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|
Term
| postural or phasic muscle descriptors: long fibers |
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Definition
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|
Term
| postural or phasic muscle descriptors: movement |
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Definition
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|
Term
| postural or phasic muscle descriptors: cross 2 joints |
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Definition
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|
Term
| postural or phasic muscle descriptors: move limbs |
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Definition
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|
Term
| postural or phasic muscle descriptors: function lengthened to mid range |
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Definition
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|
Term
| how child with low tone demonstrates poor stability, and stabilizes with their phasic muscles. What movement would be affected? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| a child with high tone demonstrates poor movement quality, limited excursions, and is difficult to move. name a muscle group that would be affected |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Consequences of CNS injury: postural muscles |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Consequences of CNS injury: what happens to phasic muscles |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Consequences of CNS injury: what happens to muscle fiber type |
|
Definition
| over time, fiber type changes |
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|
Term
| Consequences of CNS injury: sarcomeres |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Consequences of CNS injury: bony structures and jts |
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Definition
| susceptible to deforming forces (alignment is crucial) |
|
|
Term
| muscles grow in response to what |
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Definition
| full excursion of mm and jt |
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|
Term
| bones grow in response to |
|
Definition
| mm force and load, as well as genetics |
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|
Term
| In CP what tissue growth will not keep up resulting in further ROM deficits |
|
Definition
| muscle growth may not keep up with bone growth |
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|
Term
| when a muscle cannot be manually stretched through normal range using a reasonable amount of force |
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Definition
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|
Term
| atypical movement patterns may be d/t: non-integrated... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| atypical movement patterns may be d/t: poor _______ control |
|
Definition
| poor neuromuscular control (tone) |
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|
Term
| atypical movement patterns may be d/t: poor alignment based on which relationship |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| atypical movement patterns may be d/t: poor... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| atypical movement patterns may be d/t: lack of.... |
|
Definition
| variability and movement choice |
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|
Term
| atypical movement patterns may be d/t: limited... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what does limited movement repertoire mean? |
|
Definition
| if movement is successful, the pattern is reinforced and will be repeated, rather than experimenting with variety |
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|
Term
| poor neck stability results in hyperextension posture. What is overstretched? what is shortened? |
|
Definition
| neck flexors. neck extensors |
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|
Term
| if the pelvis develops and maintains an anterior tilt (lordotic posture) what is shortened? (2) |
|
Definition
| lumbar extensors, hip flexors |
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|
Term
| if the pelvis develops and maintains an anteiror tilt (lordotic posture) what is overstretched? |
|
Definition
| abs lengthened, hamstrings lengthened |
|
|
Term
| if the pelvic develops and maintains a posterior tilt, what is shortened? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the pelvis develops a posterior tilt what is lengthened? |
|
Definition
| lumbar extensors and hip flexors |
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|
Term
| important note in documentation of goniometry |
|
Definition
| measure as a range of motion |
|
|
Term
| why must positioning b observed at all times during ROM exam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why must movement through range be slow during ROM exam |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why must a child's behavior state be considered during a ROM exam? |
|
Definition
| requires child's cooperation |
|
|
Term
| medication which tends to deplete vitamin d and calcium leading to osteoportic bones |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| tailor sitting would indicate what about hip ROM |
|
Definition
| flex, abduct, internal rotation are good |
|
|
Term
| which way do the ribs flare in scoliosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| danger of adductor muscle tightness |
|
Definition
| pulls femoral head away from acetabulum, results in dislocation |
|
|
Term
| which way will a dislocated femur move |
|
Definition
| lateral, posterior, and then superior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the allis test/galleazi sign |
|
Definition
| child supine, flex both hips/knees, line up feet on surface, observe knee "height" bilaterally. lower side indicates issue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thomas test, prone hip extension (staheli), prone hip extension (ITB, psoas), passive knee extension (PKE) |
|
|
Term
| what does the Thomas test test for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 muscle length tests that can be used as exercises as well |
|
Definition
| thomas test, passive knee extension |
|
|
Term
| The Staheli test has been shown to have better reliabity than the thomas test with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THe prone hip extension test (non-staheli) is very good for what type of pt's? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| major point of achilles length test |
|
Definition
| do not isolate pressure across metatarsals |
|
|
Term
| muscles that commonly limited in neuromusclar dysfunction are mm that.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscles commonly limited in NM dysfunction: in arms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscles commonly limited in NM dysfunction: hips (4) |
|
Definition
| flexors (psoas, rectus femoris), adductors, internal rotators |
|
|
Term
| muscles commonly limited in NM dysfunction: legs (2) |
|
Definition
| hamstrings, gastrocnemius |
|
|
Term
| progression leading to deformity: 1/5 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| progression leading to deformity: 2/5 original problem leads to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| progression leading to deformity: 3/5 compensation leads to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| progression leading to deformity: 4/5 habits lead to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| progression leading to deformity: 5/5 contractures lead to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Collagen/elastin abnormalities: BJHS |
|
Definition
| benign joint hypermobility syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Collagen/elastin abnormalities: E syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Collagen/elastin abnormalities: M syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Collagen/elastin abnormalities: L syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Collagen/elastin abnormalities: W syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common Issues with hypermobility: overuse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common Issues with hypermobility: (2) -ations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common Issues with hypermobility: (2) -ains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common Issues with hypermobility: algia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common Issues with hypermobility: disease |
|
Definition
| degenerative joint disease |
|
|
Term
| Common Issues with hypermobility: deformity (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common Issues with hypermobility: alignment problems (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are corrective and negative (deforming) forces most influential? |
|
Definition
|
|
