Term
CPP= MAP -ICP
MAP= ((2x diastolic)+ systolic/3
CPP should be maintained above 70-80mm Hg
Normal ICP= 10-15mm Hg
E+V+M=GCS (eye, verbal,motor) |
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Definition
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Term
| Who are good candidates for ICP monitoring |
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Definition
| Clients who are comatose and/or have GCS scores of 8 are candidates for ICP monitoring |
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Term
| symptoms of increased ICP |
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Definition
| severe headache, deteriorating loc, restlessness, irritability, dilated or pinpoint pupils, slowness to react, alternation in breathing pattern (cheyne stokes respirations, central neurologic hyperventilation, apnea)deterioration in motor function, and abnormal posturing (decerebrate, decorticate, flaccidity) |
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Term
| Why is there no follow up care after PET/SPECT scans |
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Definition
| because the tracer is glucose based and short acting (less than 2 hours, it is broken down within the body as a sugar, not excreted |
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Term
| What are the two instructions a patient will have the night before an EEG |
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Definition
| Wash your hair and stay up as late as possible. |
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Term
| What is the pain threshold? |
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Definition
| The point at which one feels pain |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of pain one is willing to bearWh |
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Term
| What are substances that increase pain transmission and cause an inflammatory response |
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Definition
Substance P
Prostaglandins
Bradykinin
Histamine |
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Term
| What are substances that decrease pain transmission and produce analgesia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pain that arises from damage to or inflammation of tissue other than that of the peripheral and central nervous system. It is usually throbbing, aching, and localized |
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Term
| What are some signs of nociceptive pain |
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Definition
Somatic-in bones, joints, and muscles, skin or connective tissues
Visceral- in internal organs such as stomach or intestines. It can cause referred pain in other body locations and is not associated with the stimulus
Cutaneous- in the skin or sub C tissue |
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Term
| What does nociceptive pain respond to |
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Definition
| opiods and non opiod medication |
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Term
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Definition
| Pain that arises from abnormal or damaged pain nerves. It includes phantom limb pain, pain below the level of the spinal cord, and diabetic neuropathy. |
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Term
| Describe neuropathic pain |
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Definition
| usually intense shooting, burning, or described as "pins and needles" |
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Term
| What does neuropathic pain respond to |
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Definition
| responds to adjuvan medications (antidepressants, antispasmodic agents, and skeletal muscle relaxants. |
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Term
| These are non opiod analgesics used in treating mild to moderate pain |
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Definition
| acetaminophen, ibuprofen, aspirin |
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Term
| With nonopiod analgesics the client needs to be monitored for salicylism which is___ |
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Definition
| tinnitus, vertigo, and decreased hearing acuity |
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Term
| A client who has been taking NSAIDS long term needs to be monitored for what_____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Opioid analgesics are appropriate for treating moderate to severe pain like postoperative pain, MI pain, or cancer pain. Examples of these meds |
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Definition
| Morphine sulfate, Fentanyl, and Codeine |
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Term
| What are the adverse side effects of opioid use that need to be monitored |
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Definition
| Constipation, Orthostatic hypotension, Urinary Retention, N/V, Sedation, and Respiratory Depression |
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Term
| These meds enhance the effects of nonopioids, help alleviate other symptoms that aggravate pain (depression, seizures, inflammation), and are useful in the treatment of neuropathic pain |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some examples of adjuvant medications |
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Definition
Anticonvulsants-Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Antianxiety agents- diazepam (Valium)
Tricyclic antidepressants- amitriptyline (Elavil)
Antihistamine- hydroxyzine (Vistaril)
Glucocorticoids-Dexamenthasone (Decadron)
Antiemetics- Ondansetron hydrochloride (Zofran) |
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Term
| which vaccine is the health promotion prevention for Meningitis |
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Definition
| Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)for infants and Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV) for immunocomprimised adults. |
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Term
| This is resistance to pain with extension of a clients leg from a flexed position |
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Definition
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Term
| this is flexion of extremities occurring with deliberate flexion of the clients neck |
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Definition
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Term
| What physical assessment signs are positive with Menningitis |
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Definition
| Positve Kernig's sign and Positive Brudzinski |
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Term
| What CSF analysis results are indicative of Meningitis |
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Definition
Appearance of CSF-cloudy (bacterial) clear viral
Elevated WBC
Elevated Protein
Decreased Glucose (bacterial)
Elevated CSF pressure |
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Term
| What type of precautions must be maintained for the client with meningitis |
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Definition
| Isolation Precautions. Droplet Precautions which require a private room or a room with cohorts, wearing of a surgical mask when within 3 feet of the client, appropriate hand hygiene,a nd hte use of deisgnated equipment. Continue until antibiotics have been administered for 24hours |
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Term
| What are complications associated with Meningitis |
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Definition
Increased ICP
SIADH
Septic Emboli |
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Term
| College Students should be immunized because they are at risk for developing meningitis secondary to what organism |
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Definition
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Term
| When taking phenytoin what 2 meds should you avoid taking and why? |
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Definition
| When using phenytoin you should avoid taking oral contraceptivess, as this med decreasses their effectiveness. Warfarin should also not be given. |
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Term
| What is a complication of seizures and epilepsy |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a prolonged seizure activity occuring over a 30min time frame. The complications associated with this condition are related to decreased oxygen levels, inability of the brain to return to normal functioning, and continued assault on neuronal tissue. the acute condition requires immediate treatment to prevent loss of brain function, which may become permanent |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the nursing actions for status epilepticus |
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Definition
| Maintain an airway, provide oxygen, establish IV access, perform EKG monitoring, and monitor pulse oximetry and ABG results. As prescribed administer a loading dose of diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) followed by a continuous infusion of phenytoin (Dilantin) |
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Term
| What is a priority nursing intervention for a nurse caring for a client who has just experienced a generalized seizure |
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Definition
| Keep them in a side lying position. the greatest risk to the client is aspiration during the postical phase. |
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Term
| What are the 5 stages of involvement of Parkinson Disease |
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Definition
Stage 1 - Unilateral Shaking or Tremor of Limb
Stage 2- Bilateral limb involvement making walking and balance difficult
Stage 3- Physical movements slow down affecting walking more
Stage 4- Tremors may decrease but akinesia and rigidity make day to day tasks difficult
Stage 5- Client unable to stand or walk, is dependent for all care, adn may exhibit dementia |
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Term
| What is the definitive diagnostic procedure for Parkinson |
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Definition
| Diagnosis is made on symptoms, their progression, and by rulling out other diseases. There is no definitive diagnosis. |
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Term
| Describe Collaborative Nursing care for Parkinson |
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Definition
-administer clients meds at prescribed times
-monitor swallowing, maintain nutrition
-maintain mobility if poss
-promote communication
-monitor clients mental and cog status |
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Term
| What are complications of Parkinsons |
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Definition
| Aspiration Pneumonia and Altered Cognition (Dementia and memory Deficits) |
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Term
| What is the advantage if any of administering the medications levodopa and carbidopa at the same time for the parkinson patient |
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Definition
| Carbidopa prevents the peripheral metabolism of levodopa making a smaller dose of levodopa necessary |
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