Term
female ligaments
suspensory ligament of ovaries, cardinal ligament, broad ligament, ligament of ovary |
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Definition
suspensory ligament of the ovary -- ovaries to pelvic wall; ovarian vessels
ligament of ovary -- ovary to uterus; nothing!!
cardinal ligament = cervix to pelvic wall; uterine vessels
broad ligament = mesosalpinx (fallopian tube to ovary) + mesometrium (ovary to uterus) + mesovarium (ovary) |
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Term
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Definition
simple cuboidal -- ovaries
simple columnar -- fallopian tubes (ciliated) --> uterus (pseudostratified, glands), endocervix
stratified squamous -- ectocervix (goes further up pre-puberty) --> vagina (glycogen --> acid!!) |
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Term
| posterior vs. anterior urethral injury |
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Definition
posterior -- pelvic fx, above urogenital diaphragm
anterior -- straddle injury, below urogenital diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
seminal vesicle -- white/yellow, viscous; fructose!!
prostate -- PAP, PSA (liquifies semen!)
Cowper's gland -- clear, slippery; pre-seminal fluid |
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Term
| innervation of sexual response |
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Definition
erection -- parasympathetic (NO)
emission (semen to ejaculatory ducts) -- sympathetic (hypogastric n.)
ejaculation -- visceral and somatic (pudendal n.) |
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Term
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Definition
1. blood-brain
2. blood-testes
3. maternal-fetal |
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Term
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Definition
Leydig cells unaffected --> normal testosterone
Sertoli cells can't handle it --> decreased inhibin/sperm |
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Term
| spermatogenesis vs. spermiogenesis |
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Definition
spermatogenesis -- make spermatids
spermiogenesis -- make mature spermatozoon |
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Term
| testosterone (5) vs. DHT (4) |
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Definition
testosterone -- internal genitalia MINUS prostate, growth spurt, deep voice, close epiphyseal plates, libido
DHT -- external genitalia PLUS prostate; prostate, balding, sebaceous glands |
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Term
| follicle and lutein cells (hormones they respond to, what they make) |
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Definition
theca interna -- LH, androstenedione
granulosa -- FSH, estrogen (estradiol)
theca and granulosa lutein cells -- BOTH make PE |
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Term
| random thing that PE does |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
girls -- thelarche < adrenarche < menarche
boys -- gonadarche < adrenarche |
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Term
| fastest follicular growth |
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Definition
| 2nd week of proliferative phase |
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Term
| length of follicular and luteal phase |
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Definition
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Term
| oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
prophase I until ovulation
metaphase II until fertilization |
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Term
| timing of ovulation, fertilization, implantation, hCG production |
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Definition
fertilization 1 day after ovulation
implantation 6 days after fertilization
hCG (syncytiotrophoblast) detected 1 wk after conception in blood, 2 wks in urine; peaks at 9 wks |
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Term
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Definition
child -- lowest, FSH > LH
puberty/repro yrs -- LH > FSH (LH for surge!!)
menopause -- highest, FSH > LH |
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Term
| random stuff associated with Turner's (6) |
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Definition
| bicuspid aortic valve, cystic hygoma and lymphedema, preductal coarctation, horseshoe kidney, dysgerminoma |
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Term
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Definition
defect in androgen receptor
Sertoli cells make AMH --> no female internal genitalia
no testosterone activity --> no male internal genitalia
no DHT activity --> female external genitalia
high LH (no feedback) --> high testosterone and estrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| 5alpha-deficiency -- ambiguous external genitalia until increased testosterone at puberty |
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Term
| mortality in pre-eclampsia |
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Definition
| cerebral hemorrhage, ARDS/DIC |
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Term
| polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios |
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Definition
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Term
| what HPV 16 and 18 do to our DNA |
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Definition
HPV 16 -- E6 inhibits p53
HPV 18 -- E7 inhibits Rb |
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Term
| endometriosis vs. adenomyosis (and treatments) |
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Definition
endometriosis -- normal-sized uterus; danazol
adenomyosis -- enlarged uterus (boggy); hysterectomy |
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Term
| most common tumor in all females |
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Definition
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Term
| whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundls |
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Definition
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Term
| incidence of gyn tumors; and prognosis |
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Definition
incidence: endometrial > ovarian > cervical (cervical #1 worldwide)
prognosis: ovarian > cervical > endometrial |
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Term
| premature ovarian failure |
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Definition
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Term
| PCOS -- hormones, treatment |
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Definition
high LH --> high testosterone --> high estrogen
OCPs or medroxypogesterone, spironolactone, clomiphene |
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Term
| cysts -- follicular, corpus luteum, theca-lutein, hemorrhagic, dermoid |
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Definition
follicular -- unruptured follicle, may make estrogen, most common ovarian mass
corpus luteum -- bleed into corpus luteum
theca-lutein -- high hCG (i.e. mole) --> bilateral/multiple cysts
hemorrhagic -- blood vessel rupture in cyst wall
dermoid -- mature teratoma |
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Term
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Definition
malignant, painless (men)
hCG, LDH
"fried egg"
radiosensitive, great prognosis
most common testicular tumor |
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Term
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Definition
malignant
hCG, hematogenous to lungs |
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Term
| yolk sac = endodermal sinus tumor |
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Definition
malignant
AFP
sacrococcygeal
Schiller-Duval bodies (look like glomeruli!!) |
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Term
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Definition
2-3 germ layers
mature --> benign
immature --> malignant
struma ovarii - functional thyroid!!
most common ovarian germ cell tumor |
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Term
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Definition
men only
2nd most common testicular tumor
malignant, painful!!
hCG
glandular, papillary |
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Term
| serous cystadenoma vs. cystadenocarcinoma |
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Definition
adenoma benign; adenocarcinoma malignant
freq bilateral
most common
fallopian tube-like
psammoma bodies |
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Term
| mucinous cystadenoma vs. mucinous cystadenocarcinoma |
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Definition
adenoma benign; adenocarcinoma malignant
mucus-secreting, pseudomyxoma peritonei (adenocarcinoma) |
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Term
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Definition
| Benign, looks like Bladder, "coffee bean" nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
| spindle-shaped fibroblasts |
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Term
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Definition
| ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax |
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Term
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Definition
estrogen secreting
Call-Exner bodies (circular pattern) |
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Term
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Definition
GI malig (i.e. stomach) that mets to bilateral ovaries
mucin-secreting
signet cell adenocarcinoma |
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Term
| Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
rhabdomyosarcoma variant in vagina
girls < 4 yr
spindle-shaped tumors cells
desmin positive
"bunch of grapes" |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lobular carcinoma, sclerosing adenosis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fibrocystic change, ductal cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| intraductal papilloma, breast abscess, mastitis |
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Term
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Definition
| Paget's disease, breast abscess |
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Term
| weird thing about fibroadenoma |
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Definition
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Term
| large bulky mass, "leaf-like" projections |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| subtype of DCIS with caseous necrosis!! |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| invasive ductal -- feel, epidemiology, prognosis |
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Definition
most common, worst prognosis
firm and fibrous |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| invasive lobular -- where |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| medullary, good prognosis |
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Term
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Definition
| large cells in epidermis with clear halo |
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Term
| fibrocystic disease types |
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Definition
1. fibrosis -- stroma hyperplasia
2. cystic -- blue dome
3. sclerosing adenosis -- increased acini, intralobular fibrosis, calcifications
4. epithelial hyperplasia -- increased epithelial cell layers in terminal duct lobule (atypia --> cancer risk) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
PSA -- increased free --> PSA; increased complexed --> cancer
PAP -- cancer penetrated capsule!! |
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Term
| Leydig cell testicular cancer |
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Definition
| Reinke crystals, androgen producing --> gynecomastia/precocious puberty |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| from mets; most common testicular cancer in older men |
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Term
| squamous cell carcinoma associations |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bent penis 2/2 SQ fibrosis of dorsum of penis |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormally tight foreskin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| skin dimpling from cancer |
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Definition
| infiltration of Cooper's ligaments |
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Term
| nipple inversion from cancer |
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Definition
| infiltration of central region of breast |
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Term
| check that she has menopause |
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Definition
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Term
| random stuff anabolic steroids do |
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Definition
increase RBC prod --> polycythemia
hepatic abnormalities |
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