Term
| pKa of --COO- group in amino acids |
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Definition
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Term
| pKa of --NH3+ group in amino acids |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pH at which zwitter ion is at maximum concentration |
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Term
| pI value for most amino acids |
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Definition
~6
(pKa of --COO- group + pKa of --NH3+ group)/2= (10 + 2) / 2 = 6 |
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Term
| pKa for side chain of aspartic acid and glutamic acid |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| pKa for side chain of lysine |
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Definition
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Term
| pKa for side chain of tryosine |
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Definition
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Term
| pKa of side chain of cysteine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| makes peptide bonds among amino acids |
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Term
| pKa for side chain of arginine |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does trypsin cleave? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does chymotrypsin cleave? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does staphylococcal protease cleave? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does thrombin cleave? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does cyanogen bromide cleave? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the alpha C - C bond angle |
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Term
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Definition
| the alpha carbon - N bond angle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Water Soluble
GLY-PRO-HydroxyPRO |
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Term
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Definition
| three left-handed helical strands are would into a right-handed triple helix (tropocollagen) |
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Term
| force holding three stands of collagen |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| turns in proteins are marked by? |
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Definition
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Term
| which is more thermodynamically favored: folded protein or random coil? why? |
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Definition
| folded protein because water is highly ordered around random coil. entropy is increased when protein is folded. |
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Term
| Forces affecting tertiary stucture |
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Definition
1. electrostatic interactions
2. hydrogen bonding
3. van der waals forces (very small contributer)
4. π bonding
5. covalent bonding elements
6. apolar interactions or hydrophobic interactions (major influence) |
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Term
| forces influencing quaternary structure |
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Definition
1. electrostatic interactions
2. H bonding
3. disulfide bonds (covalent)
4. van der waals
5. non-polar interactions
(note: no pi bonding |
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Term
| heterologous interactions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. extremely compact (water cannot fit)
2. 8 alpha helices
3. 4 prolines (most at turns)
4. non-polar face in, polar out
152 normal trans peptide bonds |
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Term
| how is O2 atached to the heme group in myoglobin |
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Definition
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Term
| difference between myoglobin and hemoglobin |
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Definition
| myoglobin stores O2, hemoglobin transports O2 |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 alpha helices, 2 beta barrels |
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Term
| binding curve for myoglobin? hemoglobin? |
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Definition
hyperbolic; sigmoidal
O2 binds tighter to myoglobin than hemoglobin. |
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Term
| where does CO2 bind to hemoglobin? |
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Definition
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Term
| what factors decrease the strength of O2 to hemoglobin? |
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Definition
1. Low pH (Protons)
2. CO2
3. Cl-
4. 2,3-Biphosphoglycerate |
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Term
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Definition
| d[P]/dt=(vmax[A])/(km+[A]) |
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Term
| equation for vmax (how fast) |
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Definition
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Term
| equation for Km? how would you find it on a v/[A] plot? (how tight substrate binds) |
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Definition
| (k2+k3)/k1; Km is the x-value of y=vmax/2 |
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Term
| equation for the specificity constant? |
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Definition
| vmax/km (bigger the #, bigger the substrate) |
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Term
| What is an ordered two-substrate, two-product reaction? |
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Definition
| Ordered Bi-Bi, Competitive |
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Term
| What is a random addition of substrates and random release of products reaction? |
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Definition
| Random Bi-Bi, Non-competitive |
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Term
| What is a "double displacement" reaction or two "half-reactions"? |
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Definition
Ping Pong Bi-Bi, Uncompetitive
*shows parallel lines on (1/V)/(1/[A]) group |
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Term
| How does competitive inhibition effect (1/V)/(1/[A]) graph? |
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Definition
| slope changes by (1+([I]/Ki), 1/Vmax remains the same |
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Term
| How does noncompetitive inhibition effect (1/V)/(1/[A]) graph? |
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Definition
Changes slope and intercept by (1+([I]/Kix))
-Kis=([E][I])/[EI]
-Kii=([EX][I])/[EXI]
*if intersects on x-axis; 1/Km stays the same; Kii=Kis
*if intersects in 1st quadrant; Kis*if intersects in 4th quadrant; Kis>Kii |
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Term
| How does uncompetitive inhibition effect (1/V)/(1/[A]) graph? |
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Definition
| Slope stays the same; intercept changes by (1+([I]/Kii)) |
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Term
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Definition
| time relation; "lag"; a slow step in the reaction mechanism |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Thiamin-Give following...
1. Synonym
2. Reaction
3. Disorder
4. Conenzyme
5. Active Coenzyme Site |
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Definition
1. Vitamin B1
2. group transfer
3. Vitamin B1 Deficiency
4. Thiamin Pyrophosphate
5. C-H on second ring |
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Term
Riboflavin -Give following...
1. Synonym
2. Reaction
3. Disorder
4. Conenzyme
5. Active Coenzyme Site |
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Definition
1. Vitamin B2
2. Redox Reactions
3. Vitamin B2 Deficiency
4. FMN & FAD
5. Z-shaped N-confuguration |
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Term
Niacin & Nicotinamide -Give following...
1. Synonym
2. Reaction
3. Disorder
4. Conenzyme
5. Active Coenzyme Site |
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Definition
1. Vitamin B3
2. Redox Reagant through hydride transfer
3. Pellegra
4. NAD+ & NADP+
5. Para to N in pyridine
*Psuedovitamin: tryptophan can synthesize coenzyme |
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Term
Pantothenic Acid -Give following...
1. Synonym
2. Reaction
3. Disorder
4. Conenzyme
5. Active Coenzyme Site |
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Definition
1. Vitamin B5
2. acyl carrier
3. Vitamin B5 deficiency
4. Coenzyme A
5. -SH group |
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Term
Pyridoxine -Give following...
1. Synonym
2. Reaction
3. Disorder
4. Conenzyme
5. Active Coenzyme Site |
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Definition
1. Vitamin B6
2. amino transfer reaction, carboxylation reactions
3. Vitamin B6 Deficiency- Anemias
4. pyridoxal phosphate
5. CHO |
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Term
Biotin -Give following...
1. Synonym
2. Reaction
3. Disorder
4. Conenzyme
5. Active Coenzyme Site |
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Definition
1. Vitamin H
2. Carboxylation reactions
3. Vitamin H Deficiency
*Intestinal bacteria have pathway to synthesize
4. Biocytin
5. 1st -NH group |
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Term
Folic Acid -Give following...
1. Synonym
2. Reaction
3. Disorder
Thiamin-Give following...
1. Synonym
2. Reaction
3. Disorder
4. Conenzyme
5. Active Coenzyme Site |
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Definition
1. Vitamin BC
2. 1-Carbon
3. Folic Acid Deficiency
4. Tetrahydrofolate
5. -NH beta to -OH group |
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Term
Lipoic Acid -Give following...
1. Synonym
2. Reaction
3. Disorder
4. Conenzyme
5. Active Coenzyme Site |
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Definition
1. NOT vitamin because it is covalently linked to enzymes via the side chain of a lysine
2. group transfer reactions
3. Lipoic Acid Synthase Deficiency
*Pseudo-vitamins: synthesized by mammals
4. It's its own coenzyme.
5. S-S site |
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Term
Cobalamin -Give following...
1. Synonym
2. Reaction
3. Disorder
4. Conenzyme
5. Active Coenzyme Site |
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Definition
1. Vitamin B12
2. methyl transfer reaction, rearrangement reaction
3. Perniscious Anemia
*Extrinsic (need to ingest) and Intrinsic (protein to transfer B12 across intestinal lining) Factor
4. ____-cobalimin
5. Cobalt Site |
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Term
Abscorbic Acid -Give following...
1. Synonym
2. Reaction
3. Disorder
4. Conenzyme
5. Active Coenzyme Site |
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Definition
1. Vitamin C
2. Oxidation Reaction, Hydroxy Reactions
3. Scurvy
4. is actual conenzyme
5. geminal hydroxy site |
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Term
Roles of Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
A, D, E, K |
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Definition
A-Cancer, Vision
D-Ca Control
E- Redox reagent
K- blood clotting; used to make GABA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lnKeq=(ΔH˚/R)(1/T)+(ΔS˚/R) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
D-Glyceraldehyde
Dihydroxyacetone |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
α-D-glucose
&
β-D-glucose |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Maltose... answer following:
1. What sugars present?
2. Between which C's are linked?
3. What type of linkage? |
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Definition
1. 2 glucose
2. 1-4
3. alpha |
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Term
Isomaltose... answer following:
1. What sugars present?
2. Between which C's are linked?
3. What type of linkage? |
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Definition
1. 2 glucose
2. 1-6
3. alpha |
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Term
Cellobiose... answer following:
1. What sugars present?
2. Between which C's are linked?
3. What type of linkage? |
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Definition
1. 2 glucose
2. 1-4
3. beta |
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Term
Gentiobiose... answer following:
1. What sugars present?
2. Between which C's are linked?
3. What type of linkage? |
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Definition
1. 2 glucose
2. 1-6
3. beta |
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Term
Lactose... answer following:
1. What sugars present?
2. Between which C's are linked?
3. What type of linkage? |
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Definition
1. galactose and glucose
2. 1-4
3. beta |
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Term
Sucrose... answer following:
1. What sugars present?
2. Between which C's are linked?
3. What type of linkage? |
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Definition
1. glucose and fructose
2. 1-2
3. alpha
**Non-Reducing! |
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Term
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Definition
a) long, unbranched chains
b) sugar: glucose
c) alpha(1-4)
d) MW: 10^3
e) color test: purple in iodine
f) structure, 2 and 3 degree
**Still reducing |
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Term
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Definition
a) highly branched
b) sugar: glucose
c) mostly alpha(1-4), some alpha(1-6)
d) MW 10^6
e) color test (pink in iodine)
**Still Reducing |
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Term
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Definition
| a) sugar: glucose b) alpha(1-4) c) lots of branches; alpha(1-6) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cleaves amino acids from C terminal |
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Term
| Edman's Reagant (phenylisothiocyanate) |
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Definition
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Term
| 2-4 dinitrofluorobenzene (DFNB or Sanger's Reagant) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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