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Raja Test 2
Histology
64
Health Care
Professional
02/24/2012

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Term
1.       The _____ consists of the lungs and a system of tubes that link the site of gas exchange with the external environment.
Definition
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Term
2.       The respiratory system is subdivided into 2 main portions, the _____ and the _____.
Definition
CONDUCTION PORTION, AND THE RESPIRATORY PORTION
Term
3.       The _____ portion of the respiratory system is situated both outside and within the lungs, and it conveys air from the external milieu to the lungs.
Definition
CONDUCTING PORTION
Term
4.       The _____ portion of the respiratory system is located strictly within the lungs.
Definition
RESPIRATORY PORTION
Term
5.       The supporting framework of the trachea and primary bronchi is through _____ and _____.
Definition
HYALINE CARTILAGE, DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Term
6.       2 types of glands located in the trachea and primary bronchi.
Definition
MUCOUS AND SEROMUCOUS GLANDS
Term
7.       The epithelium of the trachea and primary bronchi are _____ and _____.
Definition
RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM, PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
Term
8.       6 cell type located in the trachea primary bronchi.
Definition
1) BASAL, 2) GOBLET, 3) CILIATED, 4) BRUSH, 5) SEOUS, 6) DNES
Term
9.       _____ cells of the trachea and primary bronchi release histamine during an allergic reaction.
Definition
DNES
Term
10.   _____ makes up the upper portion of the trachea and primary bronchi.
Definition
RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM
Term
11.   The trachea has 3 layers _____, _____ and _____.
Definition
MUCOSA, SUBMUCOSA, AND ADVENTITIA
Term
12.   The C-shaped cartilaginous rings of the trachea are found in the _____ layer.
Definition
ADVENTITIA
Term
13.   Respiratory epithelium is _____ epithelium.
Definition
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
Term
14.   3 cell types of the respiratory epithelium.
Definition
1) GOBLET CELLS, 2) CILIATED COLUMNAR CELLS, 3) BASAL CELLS
Term
15.   _____ cells of the respiratory epithelium constitute 90% of the cell population.
Definition
BASAL CELLS
Term
16.   The cartilage of the trachea is completed by smooth muscle with is the _____ muscle.
Definition
TRACHEALIS MUSCLE
Term
17.   _____cartilage makes up the trachea and primary bronchi.
Definition
HYALINE
Term
18.   The secondary bronchi is made up of _____ and _____.
Definition
HYALINE CARTILAGE AND SMOOTH MUSCLE
Term
19.   _____ glands are located in the secondary bronchi.
Definition
SEROMUCOUS
Term
20.   6 cell types located in the secondary bronchi.
Definition
1) BASAL CELLS, 2) GOBLET CELLS, 3) CILIATED CELLS, 4) BRUSH CELLS, 5) SEROUS, 6) DNES
Term
21.   2 additional features of secondary (intrapulmonary) bronchi are that they contain plates of _____, and 2 ribbons of _____.
Definition
HYALINE CARTILAGE; HELICALLY ORIENTED SMOOTH MUSCLE
Term
22.   Tertiary bronchioles are made up of _____.
Definition
SMOOTH MUSCLE ONLY
Term
23.   The tertiary bronchioles contains _____ glands.
Definition
NO
Term
24.   What type of epithelium makes up tertiary bronchioles?
Definition
SIMPLE COLUMNAR TO SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
Term
25.   3 cell types located in the tertiary bronchioles.
Definition
1) CILIATED CELLS, 2) CLARA CELLS, 3) SOMETIMES GOBLET CELLS
Term
26.   3 characteristics regarding the bronchioles.
Definition
1) LESS THAN 1 MM IN DIAMETER, 2) SUPPLY AIR TO LOBULES, 3) 2 RIBBONS OF HELICALLY ORIENTED SMOOTH MUSCLE
Term
27.   The terminal bronchiole is made up of _____.
Definition
SMOOTH MUSCLE
Term
28.   The terminal bronchiole contains _____ glands.
Definition
NO
Term
29.   What type of epithelium makes up the terminal bronchiole?
Definition
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
Term
30.   2 cell types found in the terminal bronchiole.
Definition
1) SOME CILIATED CELLS, 2) MANY CLARA CELLS
Term
31.   3 characteristics regarding terminal bronchioles.
Definition
1) LESS THAN 0.5MM IN DIAMETER, 2) SUPPLY AIR TO LUNG ACINI, 3) SOME SMOOTH MUSCLE
Term
32.   Clara cells are found in both humans and rats, but their functions are _____.
Definition
DIFFERENT
Term
33.   4 proposed functions of clara cells.
Definition
1) PROTECTION AGAINST DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF INHALED TOXINS AND CARCINOGENS (OXIDASE FUNCTION) , 2) PROTECTION AGAINST EMPHYSEMA (ANTIPROTEASE FUNCTION), 3) SURFACTANT PRODUCTION OR ELIMINATION, 4) POSSIBLY A STEM CELL CAPABLE OF PRODUCING OTHER TYPES OF BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS
Term
34.   Each lobar bronchus (secondary bronchus) serves a _____ of the lung.
Definition
LOBE
Term
35.   Each tertiary bronchus (segmental bronchus) serves a _____.
Definition
BRONCHOPULMONARY SEGMENT
Term
36.   The respiratory epithelium of people chronically exposed to irritants such as cigarette smoke and coal dust undergoes reversible alterations known as _____, associated with an increase in the number of _____.
Definition
METAPLASIA; GOBLET CELLS
Term
37.   Chronic irritation of the lungs may be irreversible and may lead to _____.
Definition
LUNG CANCER
Term
38.   Smokers have more _____ causing a morning cough.
Definition
GOBLET CELLS
Term
39.   The lining of the alveoli consists of _____ epithelium.
Definition
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
Term
40.   _____ represent about 40 of the alveolar cell population, but form 90% of the surface lining of the alveolar sac and alveoli.
Definition
TYPE I PNEUMOCYTES
Term
41.   _____ are attenuated flat cells with greatly flattened nuclei, and are joined together by tight junctions.
Definition
TYPE I PNEUMOCYTES
Term
42.   The thinness of type I pneumocytes contributes to the efficiency of the _____.
Definition
AIR BLOOD BARRIER
Term
43.   _____ represent 60% of the alveolar cell population numerically, but occupy 5-10% of the alveolar surface area.
Definition
TYPE II PNEUMOCYTES
Term
44.   Type II pneumocytes are _____ cells with round and dark staining nuclei.
Definition
ROUNDED
Term
45.   Type II pneumocytes cytoplasm is rich in _____ and both _____ and _____.
Definition
MITOCHONDRIA, SMOOTH AND ROUGH ER
Term
46.   The smooth ER of type II pneumocytes functions in _____.
Definition
FAT SYNTHESIS
Term
47.   The rough ER of type II pneumocytes functions in _____.
Definition
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Term
48.   Premature babies often have lung problems because they do not produce enough _____ to keep lungs from collapsing.
Definition
SURFACTANT
Term
49.   _____ is a life threatening condition in premature babies, when their lungs do not produce enough surfactant, causing collapsing of the babies lungs.
Definition
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME OF THE NEWBORN
Term
50.   Respiratory distress syndrome of newborn affects babies who are _____, or whose mother has _____.
Definition
PREMATURE; DIABETES MELLITUS
Term
51.   The alveoli of the lungs are made up of _____ and _____.
Definition
TYPE 3 COLLAGEN AND ELASTIC FIBERS
Term
52.   The alveoli contain _____ glands.
Definition
NO
Term
53.   What type of epithelium makes up the alveoli.
Definition
HIGHLY ATTENUATED SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
Term
54.   What cell types make up the alveoli.
Definition
TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 PNEUMOCYTES
Term
55.   Alveoli contain alveolar _____.
Definition
MACROPHAGES
Term
56.   _____ particulate matter in the lumen of the alveolus as well as in the interalveolar spaces.
Definition
ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES
Term
57.   The _____ is the region of the interalveolar septum that is traversed by O2 and CO2 as the gasses go from the blood to the lumen of the alveolus and vice versa.
Definition
BLOOD GAS BARRIER
Term
58.   3 components of the blood gas barrier.
Definition
1) SURFACTANT AND TYPE 1 PNEUMOCYTES, 2) FUSED BASAL LAMINA OF TYPE 1 PNEUMOCYTES AND ENDOTHELIAL CELLS OF THE CAPILLARY, 3) ENDOTHELIAL CELLS OF THE CONTINUOUS CAPILLARY
Term
59.   The _____ is the membrane between the capillary and alveoli where gas exchange takes place.
Definition
FUSED BASAL LAMINA (RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE)
Term
60.   _____ is a chronic obstructive airway disease caused by a combination of bronchoconstriction and excessive production of mucous, both of which obstruct the airways.
Definition
ASTHMA
Term
61.   _____ is a chronic obstructive airway disease in which the bronchial walls are thickened by a combination of muscle layer thickening and an increase in the number and size of the mucous glands.
Definition
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
Term
62.   _____ is a chronic obstructive airway disease characterized by destruction of the walls of the alveolar ducts, sacs and alveoli, with permanent dilation of the air spaces causing a loss of the lung elasticity.
Definition
EMPHYSEMA
Term
63.   _____ is a disorder that causes infertility in men and chronic respiratory tract infections in both sexes. It is caused by immobility of cilia and flagella induced.
Definition
KARTAGENER SYNDROME (IMMOTILE CILIA SYNDROME)
Term
64.   In some cases of kartagener syndrome there is a deficiency of _____, which is a protein that functions in ciliary movement.
Definition
DYNEIN
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