Term
|
Definition
| an object is directly over an object or eclipses another object |
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Term
|
Definition
| structures that are side by side |
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Term
|
Definition
| the degree of blackness on a radiograph |
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Term
|
Definition
| the difference in density between adjacent structures |
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Term
|
Definition
| ability to see small structures |
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Term
|
Definition
| making a part appear larger |
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Term
|
Definition
| misrepresentation of the size or shape of any anatomic structure |
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Term
| Preparation for exams that involve bowel prep may include: |
|
Definition
| limited diet, laxatives, enemas |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Radiographs MUST include: |
|
Definition
| Patients name &/or ID #, Date, Right/Left Marker, Institution identity |
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Term
| Image Receptor (IR) sizes |
|
Definition
18x24 cm- Mammography
8x10 in- General exam
24x24 cm- fluroscopic exam
24x30 cm- general exams & mammography
10x12 in- general exams (grid cassettes)
18x43 cm- forearms, legs
30x35 cm- general exam
35x35 cm- fluroscopic spots
14x36 in- upright spine
14x51 in- upright hip to ankle |
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Term
| Source-To-Image Receptor Distance (SID) |
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Definition
| the distance from the x-ray tube to the Image Receptor (IR) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| narrow the x-ray beam to cover only the area of interest; reduces scatter radiation, provides excellent recorded detail and increased radiographic contrast |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| index of the somatic effect of radiation exposure |
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Term
| Selected conditions that require a decrease in technical factors |
|
Definition
old age,
pneumothorax,
emphysema,
emaciation,
degenerative arthritis,
atrophy |
|
|
Term
| Selected conditions that require an increase in technical factors to penetrate the parts to be examined: |
|
Definition
pneumonia,
pleural effusion,
hydrocephalus,
enlarged heart,
edema,
ascites |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| radiographer should give the patient instructions on breathing...Inspiration (to inhale) depresses the diaphragm, Expiration (to exhale) elevates the diaphragm |
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Term
|
Definition
| the science of the structure of the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| the study of the function of the body organs |
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Term
|
Definition
| the detailed study of the body of knowledge relating to the bones of the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| divides the entire body or part into right and left segments |
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Term
|
Definition
| divides body into equal right & left halves |
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Term
|
Definition
| divides the entire body or part into anterior and posterior segments |
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Term
|
Definition
| divides the body into equal anterior and posterior halves |
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Term
| horizontal plane (also called axial or transverse plane) |
|
Definition
| divides the body into superior and inferior portions |
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Term
|
Definition
| a body plane that can pass through a body part at any angle between the other three planes |
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Term
|
Definition
| transects the pelvis at the top of the iliac crests (goes from top of hipbone to top of other hipbone) |
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Term
|
Definition
| formed by the biting surfaces of the upper & lower teeth |
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Term
|
Definition
includes:
pleural membranes,
lungs,
trachea,
esophagus,
pericardium
heart & great vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
includes:
peritoneum,
liver,
gallbladder,
pancreas,
stomach,
intestines,
kidneys,
ureters,
major blood vessels,
pelvic portion: rectum,
urinary bladder,
reproductive system |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mastoid Tip
(Surface Landmarks) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Gonion
(Surface Landmarks) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Thyroid Cartilage
(Surface Landmarks) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Level of Jugular Notch
(Surface Landmarks) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Level of Inferior angles of scapulae
(Surface Landmarks) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Level of xiphoid process
(Surface Landmarks) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Inferior Costal Margin
(Surface Landmarks) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Level of iliac crest
(Surface Landmarks) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Level of anterior superior iliac spine
(Surface Landmarks) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Level of pubic symphysis & greater trochanters
(Surface Landmarks) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| common variations in the shape of the human body; affects internal organ positioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
50% of population;
moderately heavy build,
moderately long abdomen,
moderately short, broad, and deep thorax,
relatively small pelvis |
|
|
Term
Hyposthenic
(Body Habitus) |
|
Definition
35% of pupulation;
most difficult to classify because the organs & characteristics for this habitus are between sthenic & asthenic body habitus types |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
10% of population;
frail build,
short abdomen,
long, shallow thorax,
wide pelvis |
|
|
Term
Hypersthenic
(body habitus) |
|
Definition
5% of population;
massive build,
long abdomen,
short, broad, deep thorax,
narrow pelvis |
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Term
| How many bones are in the human skeleton? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
attachement for muscles,
mechanical basis for movement,
protection of internal organs,
a frame to support the body,
storage for calcium, phosphorus, and other salts;
production of both red & white blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
80 bones;
protects the head & trunk |
|
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Term
|
Definition
126 bones;
allows the body to move in various positions and from place to place |
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Term
| General Features of Bones: |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| development and formation of bones |
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Term
|
Definition
| the opening where vessels and nerves enter & exit the bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| opening in the periosteum near the center of long bones where the nutrient artery of the bone passes through |
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Term
| Two Processes of Ossification |
|
Definition
| intermembranous ossification & endochondrial ossification |
|
|
Term
| intermembraneous ossification |
|
Definition
| bones that develop from fibrous membranes in the embryo produce the flat bones, such as those of the skull, clavicles, mandible, and sternum |
|
|
Term
| endochondrial ossification |
|
Definition
bones that develop from hylaine cartilage in the embryo and produce short, irregular and long bones;
occurs from two distinct centers of development:
--primary ossification:
begins before birth and forms
the entire bulk of the short &
irregular bones;
--secondary ossification:
occurs after birth when a
separate bone begins to develope
at both ends of a long bone |
|
|
Term
Long Bones
(Classification of Bones) |
|
Definition
found only in the limbs;
consist primarily of a long body and two enlarged, rounded ends that contain a smooth, slippery, articular surface. The ends of these bones articulate with other long bones.
Primary function: to provide support |
|
|
Term
Short bones
(Classification of Bones) |
|
Definition
consists mainly of cancellous bone containing red marrow and have a thin layer of compact bone;
varied in shape and allow minimum flexibility of motion in a short distance;
example: the carpal bones of the wrist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
compact bones "sandwich" cancellous bone and red marrow, or diploe;
flat surfaces of these bones provide protection and muscular attachment;
example: bones of the cranium, sternum & scapulae |
|
|
Term
Irregular bones
(classification of bones) |
|
Definition
these bones' peculiar shapes and variety of forms do not place them in any other category;
serves many functions, such as attachment for muscles or tendons, or attach to other bones to create joints;
example: vertebrae and the bones in the pelvis & face |
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|
Term
Sesamoid Bones
(Classification of Bones) |
|
Definition
small and oval;
develop inside and beside tendons |
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Term
|
Definition
| study of the joints, or articulations between bones |
|
|
Term
Synarthroses
(Functional Classification of Joints) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Amphiarthroses
(Functional Classification of Joints) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Diarthroses
(Functional Classification of Joints) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structural Classifications of Joints |
|
Definition
1.) Fibrous
2.) Carilaginous
3.) Synovial |
|
|
Term
Fibrous Joints
(Structural Classification of Joints) |
|
Definition
1. Syndesmosis- immovable joint or
slightly movable joint united by
sheets of firbous tissue
2. Suture- an immovable joint
occuring only in the skull
3. Gomphosis- an immovable joint
occuring only in the roots of the
teeth |
|
|
Term
Cartilaginous Joints
(Structural Classification of Joints) |
|
Definition
1. Symphysis- slight movable joint;
bones are separated by a pad of
fibrocartilage; the ends of the
bones contain hyaline cartilage;
desgined for strength and shock
absorbency
2. Synchondrosis- an immovable joint;
contains a rigid cartilage that
unites two bones |
|
|
Term
Synovial Joints
(Structural Classification of Joints) |
|
Definition
1. Gliding- simplest synovial joint;
permit slight movement of sliding
and gliding; ex: intertarsal joints
2. Hinge- permits only flexion and
extension; ex: elbow, knee, ankle
3. Pivot- allow rotation around a
single axis; ex: the articulation
of the atlas and azis of the
cervial spine
4. Ellipsoild- flexion and extension,
abduction and adduction, and
circumduction; ex: radiocarpal
joint of the wrist
5. Saddle- flexion, extension,
Abduction, Adduction, and
Circumduction; ex: carpometacarpal
joint between the trapezium and
the first metacarpal is the only
saddle joint in the body
6. Ball & Socket- flexion, extension,
abduction, adduction, ratation,
circumduction; ex: hip and shoulder |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| rounded process at an articular extremity |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| beaklike or crownlike process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| projection above a condyle |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| small, smooth-sufaced process for articulation with another structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| explanded end of a log bone |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| hornlike process on a bone |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| less prominent ridge than a crest; a linear elevation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| projecting part or prominence |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| either of two large, rounded, and elevated processes (greater or major and lesser or minor) located at the junction of neck and shaft of femur |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| small, rounded and elevated process |
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Term
|
Definition
| large, rounded and elevated process |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hole in the bone for transmission of blood vessels and nerves |
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Term
|
Definition
| pit, fovea, or hollow space |
|
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| tubelike passageway running within a bone |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| indentation into the border of a bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recess, groove, cavity or hollow space |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| furrow, trench, or fissurelike depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture that does not break through the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| serious fracture in which the broken bone or bones project through the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture in which the bone retains its normal alignment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more serious fracture in which the bones are not in anatomic alignment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to forward or front of the body or forward part of an organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to back part of a body or organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to parts away from the head of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to parts toward the head of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to nearer the head or situated above |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to nearer the feet or situated below |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to midarea of main part of an organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to parts at or near the surface, edge, or outside of another body part |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to parts toward the median plane of the body or toward the middle of another body part |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to parts away from the median plane of the body or away from the middle of another body part to the right or left |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to parts near the skin or surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to parts far from the surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to parts farthest from the point of attachment, points of reference, origin, or beginning; away from the center of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to parts nearer the point of attachment, point of reference, origin, or beginning; toward the center of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to parts outside an organ or on the outside of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to parts within or on the inside of an organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the wall or lining of a body cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the covering of an organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to a part or parts on the same side of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to a part or parts on the opposite side of the body |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the palm of the hand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the sole of the foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the top or anterior surfaces of the foot or to the back or posterior surface of the hand |
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Term
|
Definition
| the path of the x-ray beam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) identifies the overall posture of a patient or the general body position, |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| refers to the specific placement of the body part in relation to the radiographic table or IR during imaging |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| erect or marked by vertical position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upright position in whcich the patient is sitting on a chair or stool |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| general term referring to lyring down in any position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supine position with the head tilted downward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supine position with the head higher than the feet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recumbent position with the patient lying on the left anterior side with the left leg extended and the right knee and thigh partially flexed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a supine position with the knees and hip flexed and thighs abducted and rotated externally, supported by ankle supports |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to describe the body part as seen by the IR; use of this term is restricted to the discussion of a finished radiograph or image; exact opposite of projection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| describes the specific radiographic projection that an individual developed; how the projection was named |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of a part away from the central axis of the body or body part |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of a part toward the central axis of the body or body part |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forced or excessive extension of a limb or joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forced overflexion of a limb or joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outward turning of the foot at the ankle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inward turning of the foot at the ankle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rotation of the forearm so that the palm is down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rotation of the forearm so that the palm is up |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
turning of the body or body part around it's axis;
will either be medial (toward midline) or lateral (away from midline) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| circular movement of a limb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tipping or slanting a body part slightly; it is in relation to the long axis of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a turning away from the regular standard or course |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| American Registry of Radiologic Technologists |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anterior superior iliac spine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| magnetic resonance imaging |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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