Term
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Definition
| the radionuclide you want |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of milking or eluting the generator |
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Term
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Definition
| the fraction of the total radioactivity in the desired chemical form in the radiopharmaceutical. An impurity would be Free Tc04, and hydrolyzed reduced Tc |
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Term
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Definition
| fraction of the total radioactivity in the form of the disred radionuclide present in a radiopharmaceutical. An impurity would be Mo99 in Tc-labeled preparations. |
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Term
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Definition
| fraction of the material in the desired chemical form. an impurity could be al3+ (additives, acid, alkali, and buffers are not impurities!) |
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Term
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Definition
| an area not controlled where an individual could receive 2mrem/hr |
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Term
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Definition
| area of limited access that the licensee establishes for protecting individuals against undue risks from exposure to radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| this sign must be posted in areas in which an individual could receive from a radiation source a dose equivalent in excess of 5 mrem in 1 hr |
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Term
| Caution: high radiation area |
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Definition
| posted in areas in which an individual could receive from a source, a dose equivalent in excess of 100 mrem in 1 hr |
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Term
| Caution: radioactive material |
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Definition
| sign posted in areas or rooms in which 10 times the quantity or more of any licensed materials specified in appendix c of 10cfr20 |
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Term
| Annual limit of occupational dose to an ind. adult is |
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Definition
wholebody = 5 rem
eye= 15 rem
skin or extremity = 50 rem
fetal dose = 0.5 rem |
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Term
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Definition
| the radioactivity per unit mass of a radionuclide or a labeled compound. i.e.- 100 mg I131 contains 150 mCi. it's specific activity would be 150/100 or 1.5 mCi/mg (remember shorter the half-life, the higher the specific activity) |
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Term
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Definition
Pocket Dosimeter (looks like a pen)
Film Badge (what we wear on our lab coat)
Thermoluminescent dosimeter (what is in our ring badges) |
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Term
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Definition
| Filters of different materials (aluminum, copper, and cadmium) are attached to the holder in front of the film to differentiate exposures from radiations of different types and energies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Designed to be fully charged and read zero. As the charge is reduced by radiation, the reading on the viewable scale increases. Give immediate reading. |
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Term
| Thermoluminescent Dosimeter |
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Definition
| TLD consists of inorganic crystals such as lithium fluoride and manganese-activated calcium fluoride. When they are exposed to radiations, electrons from the valence band are excited and trapped by the impurities in the forbidden band.When heated to be read, the aount of light emitted is proportional to the amount of radiation energy absorbed in the TLD. |
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Term
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Definition
| required when a dosage of greater than 30 uCi of I-131 or a therapeutic dosage of an unsealed byproduct material other than I-131 is administered to a patient or human research subject. Must be dated and signed by an auth. user and must contain the patient's name, dosage, name of drug, and route of administration. |
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Term
| What are the 3 phases of the IND process? |
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Definition
Phase 1 (clinical pharmacology studies)
Phase 2 (clinical investigations - in laboratory)
Phase 3 (clinical trials) |
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Term
| What could be the possible 4th phase of IND? |
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Definition
| Prove efficacy (drug will do what it is designed to do to the exact specifications) |
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Term
| What are written directives? |
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Definition
| an authorized user's written order |
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Term
| Written Directives are retained by licensee for how long? |
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Definition
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Term
| Licensee must develop, implement and maintain _________ for admin. of radiopharm. requiring written directives and retain them for how long? |
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Definition
| Written Procedures -- for the length of the license |
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Term
| What are parenteral administrations? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is BET when referring to Quality control of the radiopharm.? |
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Definition
| Bacterial endotoxin testing |
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Term
| How are radiopharm. filtered when using aseptic technique to keep out bacteria? |
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Definition
| They are filtered with a micropore filter 0.22 um in size made from cellulous. |
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Term
| What is the problem of sterility testing of a batch of radiopharms.? |
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Definition
| There is 14 day incubation period so with short half-lives, it makes it difficult to test. |
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Term
| what is the most significant pyrogen and the most common areas these are contracted (tangible objects)? |
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Definition
| endotoxin - water & glassware |
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Term
| What is the endotoxin limit for radiopharms? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false, After an elution, the amount of 99mTc activity on the column decreases as a result of 99Mo decay? |
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Definition
| False The usual 99mTc yield efficiency is 80-90% |
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Term
| What 3 factors affect the amount of 99mTc eluted from a generator? |
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Definition
| Mechanical problems, channeling (blockage on column), radiolysis (reduction of Tc and sticks to column) |
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Term
| 111-In Oxyquinoline is used to diagnose chronic or acute?? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is the plasma half-life of 111-In Oxyquinoline? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is the plasma half-life of Ceretec (HMPAO)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ceretec or HMPAO is used to diagnose chronic or acute? |
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Definition
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Term
| Gallium is used to find infection when what is occuring? |
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Definition
| a fever of unknown origin |
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Term
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Definition
| more than one site is involved when tagging antibodies-- has to do with a central metallic ion 111-In is a metal |
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Term
| What is an example of an In-111 labeled antibody? |
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Definition
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Term
| 111-In pentetreotide is indicated for what? |
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Definition
| Localization of primary and metastatic neuroendocrine tumors and somatostatin receptors |
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Term
| What is the adult dosage for planar imaging with 111-In pentetreotide? For SPECT? |
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Definition
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Term
| preparation of pentetreotide In-111 should be kept __________ prior to mixing, incubated at ________ for 30 min., and used within __________. |
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Definition
| in the fridge, room temp., 6 hours. |
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Term
| What must be removed from MAG3 kit before preparation in order to be reduced? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the chemical name for MAG 3? |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F, MAG 3 is light sensitive? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 radiopharmaceuticals should be boiled during kit preparation? Why? |
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Definition
| MAG 3, Sulfur Colloid, and Sestimibi to avoid clumping |
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Term
| What is the usual dose for MAG3? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| abnormalities, renal failure, urinary tract obstruction and calculi |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Do you use MAG3 to calculate GFR or ERPF? |
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Definition
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Term
(Renal Imaging)
DTPA (pentetate) is used to calculate ERPF or GFR? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organ gets the highest dose of radiation with MAG3 and DTPA |
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Definition
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Term
| DMSA (succimer) is indicated for what? |
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Definition
| looking for tumors in the kidneys (not a function test) |
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Term
| What organ receives the highest does of radiation when using succimer? |
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Definition
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Term
| The usual dose for DMSA (sussimer) is? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some advantages to using I-131 for radiotherapy? |
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Definition
| widely availible, low cost, ease of labeling, beta particle emitter for therapy, gamma ray emitter for imaging |
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Term
| What are disadvantages to I-131 for therapy? |
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Definition
| release of iodotyrosine, loss of label from the tumor which results in reduced radiation dose to the tumor. You should block the thyroid with SSKI |
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Term
| 90-Yttrium targets what antigen? What cancer is it specific for? |
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Definition
| CD20 antigen --non-hodgkins lymphoma |
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Term
| The maximum dose for 90-Yttrium is? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are patients receiving I-131 tositumomab therapy pre-treated with? |
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Definition
| Tylenol and Diphenhydramine and SSKI |
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Term
| What is the dosimetric dose of I-131 tositumomab in therapy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 counts are taken to calculate residence time? What therapy is this useful in? |
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Definition
| Pre-void, post void, and counts on bed, blank bed, and patient -- I-131 tositumomab |
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Term
| What quality control of kits can we do in the hot lab? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Q.C. is run by the manufacture of kits for nuclear medicine? |
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Definition
| Purity, potency, product identifing, biological safety, and efficacy |
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Term
| What Q.C. is run by the nuclear medicine dept. for kits that are prepared? |
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Definition
| Radionuclidic impurities, radiochemical impurities, pH |
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Term
| What is the ideal pH for radiopharms? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of saline must be used in kit prep so as to not interfere with labeling? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens if there are too many radiochemical impurities in your kit? |
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Definition
| The patient receives more radiation than necessary, and there is a low target to backgd. ratio |
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Term
| What 3 radiochemical species can be present in stannous-reduced 99mTc labeled radiopharmaceuticals? |
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Definition
| Desired radiochem. species, free Tc, and hydrolyzed reduced Tc |
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Term
| in Chromotography, do hydrolyzed reduced contaminants remain at the origin or move to the solvent front? |
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Definition
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Term
| In chromotography, does free Tc travel to the solvent front or remain at the origin? |
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Definition
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Term
(Dose Calibrator Quality Control)
How often do you do Constancy (reproducibility)? Accuracy? Linearity? Geometry? |
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Definition
| (Daily), (at instal, annually, and after repairs,)(install, quarterly, repairs), (install, repairs) |
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Term
| When is a radiation monitoring device required to be worn? |
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Definition
| When a person will be in contact with 10% of the annual dose or more |
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Term
| What is the Annual Effective Dose Limit? |
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Definition
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Term
| Alara 1 is at what percent? |
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Definition
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Term
| Alara 2 is at what percent? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of personel monitoring? |
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Definition
| It detects and measures the quantity of IONIZING radiation |
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Term
| Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter contains what kind of detector? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the ureters and blood vessels attach to the kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
| Kidneys receive blood from where? |
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Definition
| The right and left renal arteries which branch directly off the descending aorta |
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Term
| What is the functional unit of the kidney? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| glomerular filtration rate which is the volume of plasma filtrate produced in 1 minute by the renal glomeruli of both kidneys |
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