• Made up of lamina dura and alveolar crest.
• lamina dura surrounds the roots and is very dense
• alveolar crest 1.5 -2.0 mm below CEJ pointed in the anterior and blunted in the posterior

a group of diseases that affect the tissue surrounding the root structure of teeth

exhibits varying degrees of inflammation

discuss the importance of clinical and radiographic diagnoses of periodontal disease

Clinical: Tissue should be stippled, pink, firm not red, swollen and bleeding

Radiographic: shows an increase from 1.5-2.0 mm from the apical to CEJ bone also apprears moth eaten and rugged

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    • 2-D image of 3-D object
    • Cannot provide info on gingival tissue or early bony changes

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  • Vertical BW's
  • Paralleling tech

• Localized occurs in isolated areas with less than 30% of the sites
• Generalized bone loss occurs throughout the mouth in more thatn 30% of the sites involved

Slight: 1-2 mm bone loss

Moderate: 3- 4 mm bone loss

Severe: 5mm or greater bone loss

ADA case type I: gingivitis

ADA case type II: mild-slight periodontitis

ADA case type III: furcation involvment, localized/generalized

ADA case type IV: advanced or severe

no bone loss

gingivitis

crestal lamina present

1-2mm apical to CEJ

mild or slight periodontitis

mild crestal change

3-4mm apical to CEJ

bleeding gums

loc/gen bone loss

4-6mm bone loss

furcation involvment

mobility

advanced or severe periodontitis

greater than 6mm bone loss

Medications

tobacco

diabetes

• Ringlike radiopacity encircling the cervical portion
• nodular projection
• smooth radiopacity