Term
| "Cross table" lateral L-spine |
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Definition
| Beam horizontal, enters at level of iliac crest.Pt Supine with arms over head. T11 through distal sacrum/coccyx, vertebral bodies, intervertebral foramina, and intervertebral joints. |
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Term
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Definition
pt supine, Knees flexed. On a 14X17 CR enters at iliac crest. T11 through distal sacrum is seen.
On a 11x14 CR enters 1.5"above iliac crest. T12 through S1 seen. |
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Term
| Posterior obliques L-spine |
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Definition
RPO & LPO. Body rotated 45°, knee flexed & arm across chest.
CR enters 1.5 above iliac crest & 2" medial to upside ASIS.
T12 to S1 seen. RPO shows right zygapophyseal joint open and LPO shows the left zygapophyseal joint open. |
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Term
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Definition
Pt. laying on side, knees & hips flexed. Arms in front with elbows bent.On a 14x17 CR perpendicular to iliac crest. T11 to distal sacrum/ coccyx.
on 11x14 CR perpendicular enters 1.5" above iliac crest. T12 to S1, vertevral bodies, intervertebral foramina, intervertebral joints seen. |
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Term
| Lateral Spot L5/S1 (L-spine) |
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Definition
| pt. lateral, knees and hip flexed, arms in front and elbows bent. CR perpendicular with waist support. 5°-10° caudal enters 1.5" inferior to iliac crest & 2" posterior to ASIS. L5 to S1 "open" intervertebral joints seen. |
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Term
| AP "bending" lateral flexion & extension L-spine |
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Definition
| Patient erect with no shoes. CR perpendicular. Bottom of IR 1"-2" below iliac crest. 1/2 of T-spine & entire L-spine seen. demonstrates range of motion and to assess scoliosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pt. supine (may be done erect), flex knees and hips. CR perpendicular to T7, 3"-4" inferior to jugular notch (mid sternum). C7-L1 intervertebral joints, transverse process, costovertebral joints seen. scoliosis shown on erect position. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pt. lateral laying done, knees and hip flexed, arms in front with elbows bent. CR perpendicular to T7, 3"-4" inferior to jugular notch (mid sternum). T3-L1 vertebral bodies, intervertebral foramina & intervertebral joints. |
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Term
| Name the projections and explain the positions of the 1st digit (thumb) and where does the CR go. |
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Definition
Ap: Hand internally rotated & thumb extended.
PA oblique: Hand pronated, thumb 45°.
Lateral (mediolateral): Hand pronate, fingers and hand arched until thumb lateral.
CR: perpendicular to MP joint.
Distal phalanx 1st MC joint. |
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Term
| Name the projections and explain the positions of the 2nd digit (index) and where does the CR go. |
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Definition
Pa: Hand pronated, finger spread and fully extended.
PA oblique: Hand & finger rotated medially 45°, digits 3-5 & thumb flexed.
Lateral(mediolateral):Hand & finger rotated medially until lateral, digits 3-5 & thumb flexed. Cr perpendicular to PIP joint. Distal phalanx, MP joint and 1/3 of metacarpals are included in image. |
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Term
| Name the projections and explain the positions of Digits 3-5 and where does the CR go. |
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Definition
PA: and pronated, fingers spread & fully extended.
PA oblique: Hand & finges rotated laterally 45°.
Lateral (lateromedial): HAnd lateral. extend affected finger & flex unaffected fingers.
Cr goes perpendicular to PIP joint. Distal phalanx, MP joint and 1/3 of metacarpals are included in image. |
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Term
| Name the projections and explain the positions of the hand and where does the CR go. |
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Definition
PA: Hand pronated, fingers spread & fully extended.
PA oblique: Hand rotated laterally 45°, "ok" sign.
CR perpendicular to 3rd MP joint.
Lateral (lateromedial): Hand lateral, digits 2-5 extended & superimposed, thumb PA " karate" chop.
Fan lateral (lateromedial): Hand lateral, digits 2-5 spread into "fan" position, thumb oblique.
CR perpendicular to 2nd MP joint.
On image entire hand, wrist and 1" of distal forearm will be seen. |
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Term
| What is the OPTIONAL view on the 1st digit (thumb). Explain CR and anatomy demonstrated. |
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Definition
PA: Hand lateral, thumb extended.
CR perpendicular to MP joint. Distal phalanx with 1st MC joint. |
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Term
| Describe the lateral wrist positioning, CR and anatomy demonstrated. |
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Definition
| Elbow 90° bent, hand & wrist lateral, digits 2-5 extended, thumb "up". CR perpendicular to midcarpals. Mid-shaft of metacarpals & distal 1/3 of forearm. |
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Term
| Describe the PA and PA oblique wrist positioning, CR and anatomy demonstrated. |
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Definition
PA: Hand pronated, fingers slightly flexed.
PA oblique: Hand & wrist rotated laterally 45°, fingertips touching IR.
CR perpendicular to midcarpals. Mid-shaft of metacarpals & distal 1/3 of forearm. |
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Term
| Describe the optional views, positioning, CR and anatomy demonstrated for the wrist. |
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Definition
PA scaphoid: hand pronated, fingers extended, ulnar deviation. CR 10°-15° proximally to scaphoid. Anatomy demonstrated: Elongated scaphoid free of superimposition.
Tangential Carpal Canal: forearm pronated, hand / wrist rotated 10°medially & hyperextended. CR 25°-30° to palm. Anatomy demonstrated carpal tunnel. |
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Term
| If the anatomy demonstrated entire radius & ulna, carpal bones & distal humerus. What Projection would that have been? |
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Definition
| AP forearm or lateral forearm |
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Term
| Name the projections, Positioning, CR and Anatomy demonstrated for the Forearm? |
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Definition
AP: arm fully extended, hand supinated, epicondyles parallel to IR.
Lateral (lateromedial): Elbow 90°, hand & wrist lateral, shoulder on same plane as forearm.
CR perpendicular to mid forearm. Anatomy demonstrated: Entire radius & ulna, carpals bones & distal humerus. |
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Term
| Describe the positioning, CR and anatomy demonstrated for the Coyle trauma method (Axial Lateral) |
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Definition
| Elbow bent 90°, hand pronated, shoulder on same plane as forearm. CR 45° toward shoulder to elbow joint. Anatomy demonstrated: radial head & neck free of superimposition. |
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Term
| Describe the positioning, CR and anatomy demonstrated for the regular views. |
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Definition
AP: Arm fully extended, han supinated, epicondyles parallel to IR.
Lateral oblique: Arm fully extended, hand supinated, entire arm rotated 45°laterally.
Medial oblique: Arm fully extended, hand pronated, entire arm rotated 45° medially.
Lateral (lateromedial): Elbow 90°, hand & wrist lateral, shoulder on same plane as forearm.
CR: perpendicular to mid elbow joint, 3/4 distal to epicondyles. Anatomy demonstrated: distal humerus, elbow joint & proximal forearm. 3 concentric arcs seen on lateral. |
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Term
| Name the projections and explain the positions of the humerus, where does the CR go and anatomy demonstrated. |
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Definition
AP:Arm fully extended, hand supinated, epicondyles parallel to IR.
Lateral: Arm rotated internally & elbow flexed 90°, hand on hip or across abdomen with palm up , epicondyles perpendicular to IR. CR perpendicular to mid humerus. Anatomy demonstrated entire humerus, shoulder & elbow joints. |
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Term
| On a AP scapula projection, Describe positioning, CR and Anatomy demonstrated. |
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Definition
| Arm abducted 90° from body & hand supinated, elbow flexed 45°(salute) or 90°(sworn in for trial). CR is perpendicular 2" inferior (below) to coracoid process. Anatomy demonstrated: entire scapula, 1/2 of clavice & humeral head/ neck. |
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