Term
Nucleus
neutron, proton, electron
orbital shells
binding energy |
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Definition
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Term
| anything that occupies space and has mass |
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Definition
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| the ability to do work and overcome resistance |
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Definition
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Definition
| whenever the state of matter is altered (ice to water to steam) |
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Term
| Simple substance made up of atoms having the same atomic number and same chemical properties |
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Definition
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Term
| A chemical bond of two or more atoms |
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Definition
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Term
transfer of electrons
sharing of electrons between the outermost shells |
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Definition
| atoms combine form substances |
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Term
| smallest particle of an element or matter |
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Definition
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Term
Nucleus- inner core
Neutrons - no charge
Protons - positive charge
Electron - negative charge |
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Definition
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Term
| Orbit nucleus in different shells; K and L (m, n, o, p etc) |
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Definition
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Term
| Each shell has a (?) binding energy that holds electrons in place |
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Definition
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Term
| Atomic Number (Z) = #of protons |
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Definition
| electrically neutral atom |
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Term
| pulls the electrons away from the nucleus |
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Definition
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Term
| The attraction between the positive protons and negative electrons |
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Definition
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Term
| Electrons in the orbit (?) to the nucleus have a (?) electrostatic force |
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Definition
| closest (k-shell), greater force |
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Term
| the amount of energy required to overcome the electrostatic force to remove an electron from its orbit |
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Definition
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Term
| for our purposes, electrosatic force and binding energy are? |
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Definition
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Term
| the balance between electrostatic force and centrifugal force |
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Definition
| keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus |
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Term
| the transmission of energy through space or matter in the form of waves or particles |
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Definition
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Term
| radiation with sufficient energy to cause ionization of atoms |
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Definition
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Term
| particulate and electromagnetic radiation |
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Definition
| types of ionizing radiation |
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Term
| process by which radiant energy removes an orbital electron from an atom to yield an ion pair |
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Definition
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Term
| charged particle, either positive or negative |
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Definition
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Term
| a positive ion and a negative ion |
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Definition
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Term
| possible changes in cellular structures of the tissue that may result from the ionization process |
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Definition
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Term
transmission of kinetic energies by subatomic particles, have mass
emitted by unstable atoms
travel at high speeds, straight lines |
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Definition
| Particulate radiation (Corpuscular radiation) |
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Term
movement of energy through space as a combination of electrical and magnetic energy
created when the speed of an electrically charged particle is changed |
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Definition
| Electromagnetic radiation |
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Term
Particulate radiation
Electromagnetic radiation |
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Definition
| types of ionizing radiation |
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Term
travel through space in a wave motion
travel at speed of light (186,000 miles/sec)
have an electrical and magnetic field given off as it travels
all have energies measurable and different
have no mass or weight |
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Definition
| characteristics of electromagnetic radiation |
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Term
| distance from one crest to the next crest of a wave |
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Definition
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Term
| the number of crest passing a given point per unit of time- hertz |
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Definition
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Term
| wavelength x frequency = ? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
no mass, no weight and travel as waves at the speed of light
they carry the energy of electromagnetic radiation |
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Definition
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Term
a free electron passes near or hits a nucleus, it is slowed down by its attraction to the nucleus
70-80% of all radiation is produced in this manner |
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Definition
| General/Bremsstrahlung radiation (breaking radiation) |
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Term
x-rays have energies characteristic of the target material
the energy of the high speed electron from the filament must be higher than the binding energy of the target electron with which it interacts in order to eject the target electron
this accounts for 30-15% of radiation production. |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristic radiation is only produced in |
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Definition
| x-ray machines that operate a 70kvp or higher |
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Term
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Definition
| invisible, and cannot be detected by any of the senses |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what charge do x-rays have? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| x-rays travel in (?) and have (?) wavelength with (?) frequency |
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Definition
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Term
| x-rays travel in (?) and can be (?) |
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Definition
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Term
| x-rays (?) be focused to a point and (?) from a point |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| solids liquids and gasses |
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Term
| the composition of a substance determines |
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Definition
| whether x-rays penetrate, pass through, or are absorbed |
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Term
| The absorption of x-rays depends on (?) and (?) |
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Definition
| atomic structure, wavelength on the x-ray |
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Term
| x-rays can cause certain substances to |
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Definition
| fluoresce or emit radiation of longer wavelength (ultraviolet or visible light) |
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Term
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Definition
| an image on photographic film |
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Term
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Definition
| biological changes in living cells |
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Term
| the penetrating beam that exits the tubehead |
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Definition
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Term
| x-radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter. less penetrating than primary beam |
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Definition
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Term
| a from of secondary, the result of an x-ray that has been deflected by interaction with matter |
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Definition
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Term
| As x-ray beam reaches a patients face, three things may occur |
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Definition
the beam passes right through the patient
the beam can be completely absorbed
the beam can be scattered |
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Term
| the passing of x-ray photons through a material without any alteration |
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Definition
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Term
| x-ray photons that have no interaction with the material it passes through |
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Definition
| expose the silver halide crystals of film |
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Term
| as beam passes through matter it may interact with molecules, altering the beam (absorbed, scattered) |
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Definition
| Attenuation (beam reduction) |
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Term
| what percent of x-rays are not attenuated? |
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Definition
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Term
| coherent scattering, compton scattering, and photoelectric absorption |
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Definition
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