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Radiobiology
Vocabulary
20
Health Care
Undergraduate 2
05/30/2020

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Term
Meiosis
Definition
Type of cell division where the daughter cell has half the number of chromosomes
Term
Mitosis
Definition
Type of cell division where a cell splits into two daughter cells that are identical to the parent
Term
Inorganic Compounds
Definition
Do not contain carbon. Includes inorganic acids, inorganic bases, and salts
Term
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Definition
Produced by DNA and able to leave the nucleus, directs the process of making proteins out of amino acids
Term
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Definition
Gets genetic code from mRNA and attaches to individual amino acids
Term
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Definition
Assists mRNA in linking to ribosomes to facilitate protein synthesis
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
Made of protein and DNA. Most human beings have 46 composed of 23 pairs
Term
Genes
Definition
Responsible for cytoplasmic activities, growth and development of the cell, hereditary information
Term
Apoptosis
Definition
Programmed cell death that occurs during interphase when a cell dies without attempting division
Term
Cell Survival Curve
Definition
Method of displaying the radio-sensitivity of a cell
Term
Relative biologic effectiveness (RBE)
Definition
Capabilities of radiation with differing LETs to produce a biologic reaction
Term
Law of Bergonie and Thribondeau
Definition
States that the radiosensitivity of a cell is directly proportional to their reproductive activity
Term
Linear Transfer Function (LET)
Definition
Ionizing radiation loses energy as it passes through matter, LET is the average energy deposited per unit length of track
Term
Mutation
Definition
Loss or change in the base of the DNA chain
Term
Oxygen Enhancement Ratio (OER)
Definition
Tissue is more sensitive to radiation when oxygenated, OER describes this numerically
Term
Point Lesion
Definition
Type of DNA damage where rupture of the chemical bond that could sever the sugar-phosphate chain
Term
Radiation Weighting Factor
Definition
Used to calculate Equivalent Dose to determine the ability to cause biologic damage
Term
Target Theory
Definition
Radiation damage resulting from discrete and random events
Term
Wave-Particle Duality
Definition
X-rays and Gamma Rays, also known as photons, have no mass and no charge
Term
Saccharides
Definition
Also referred to as carbohydrates, are straches and various sugars
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