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Radio Notes
Describes the rise of radio
30
Communication
Undergraduate 1
10/03/2011

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Term
Hans Orstead 
Definition
In 1819 this man found a pulse of electrical current traveling at considerable distance could deflect a needle in a dial he had constructed (was the 1st primitive telegraph) 
Term
Wilhem Cooke and Charles Wheatstone
Definition
developed a working telegraph which was based on Orstead needle deflection and was used by the train system in England 
Term
Samuel Morse 
Definition
Using electromagnets this person created amore efficient system and on May 25, 1884, using a certain code, sent the first message "What hath God wrought?" 
Term
Heinrich Hertz 
Definition
In 1887 a German scientist built a simple transmitter and receiver for radio waves 
Term
Guglielmo Marconi 
Definition

Developed the wireless telegraph (used radio waves) and experimented with different wavelengths and antennas and by working this was able to send a wireless coded message a short distance across his father's estate 

Has been deemed the 1st person to broadcast anything on a certain frequency 

Term
Dr. Frank Conrad 
Definition
An enginner at Westinghouse who buit his own radio broadcast center called 8XK 
Term
Reginald Fessenden 
Definition
Became the 1st person to broadcast the human voice
Term
Lee DeForest 
Definition

Invented the Audion tube (vacuum tube) 

A three element tube that made the amplification of signals possible. 

Became a integral part of home radios. 

Term
KDKA 
Definition
Radio station licensed under the Westinghouse company   after the success of Conrad's radio station. 1st broadcast was the 1920 presidential election returns of Warren Harding v. James Cox 
Term
During the early stages of radio all stations ran on what type of modulation? 
Definition
AM
Term
AM 
Definition

Amplitude Modulation 

Used to be very popular; many of the well-known radio stations of the time ran on AM 

Term
"Night Skip"
Definition
The signals (for AM modulation) go up into the sky and bounce off the ionosphere and depending on the angle in which they hit a station broadcasting in LA can be heard in NY. 
Term
Radio Act of 1912
Definition

It provided for the licensing of transmitters 

Did not assign frequency(ies) 

Radio was under the leadership of the Commerce Department that could not refuse a license 

Term
Radio Act of 1927
Definition

Stated that the airwaves belong to the people

Gave the govt the power to regulate their use for public interest 

Got rid of the Commerce Department and set up the Federal Radio Commission 

Term
Duties of the FRC: 
Definition

(1) Made it clear that licensees had an assigned frequency 

(2) Could only use specified power (limited power of transmitters) 

(3) Weakest: 250 watt power stations Strongest: 50,000 watt stations

(3) Set up times when you could broadcast

(4) Allocated call letters to stations  

Term
Federal Communications Act of 1934
Definition

Got rid of the Federal Radio Commission and replaced it with the Federal Communications Commission 

Remains the legislation foundation of radio 

Mandated stations to carry public affairs programming 

Also set up the Fairness Doctrine: Required stations to air opposing viewpoints on controversial issues and had to air both views during the same time frame (RESCINDED IN 1987) 

Equal Time Rule: In regards to political candidates for national and state-wide offices the stations were required to sell the candidates air time fo rhte lowest cost of their preferred advertiser 

Term
Creeping Cycle of Desensitization 
Definition

Theory developed by Margaret DeFleur 

Refers to the increasing failure of the traditional moral norms of society to hold back the depictions of violence, vulgar language, and sexually explicit innuendos and behavior. 

Term
The Golden Age of Radio 
Definition

1935-1950 

Considered to be the Golden Age of Radio when radio programming was thought to be super great 

Term
1st Radio Network 
Definition

Was NBC (National Broadcasting Company) 

Had a Red Network and a Blue Network 

CBS and Mutual soon followed 

Term
Edwin Armstrong 
Definition
Developed FM radio 
Term
FM 
Definition
Frequency Modulation; One of the big advantages was that it was static free and could also carry higher and lower frequencies; unlike AM signals that go in all directions FM travels in a straight line 
Term
How did newspapers try to keep radio from broadcasting the review? 
Definition
They tried to argue that the radio's broadcast of the news was a copyright violation. Many courts ruled that the particular expression of a writer can be copyrighted but the factual content was in the public domain 
Term
Who was the 1st person to broadcast news on a regular basis? 
Definition
Lowell Thomas 
Term
Who is given the credit for coining the phrase "rock n roll"?
Definition
Allen Freed, a famous disc jockey 
Term
Rockabilly 
Definition
The fusion of aspects of country and blues music; made famous by a young star from Memphis, Elvis Presley. 
Term
Payola 
Definition
A radio scandal in the 1950s when disc jockeys and radio managers were exposed for taking money to play certain songs over and over again. 
Term
Public Broadcasting Act 
Definition

Has to do with both radio and TV 

Some channels on TV were reserved as early as 1941 for non-commercial, educational purposes 

Corporation for Public Broadcasting was a non-profit organization that received federal funding and ultimately allocated these funds  to TV stations

NPR (National Public Radio) 

Term
Non-Duplication Rule of 1965 
Definition
Congress passed this rule which prevented a station which had both AM and FM outlets from simul-casting more than 50% of the time. 
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