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Radiation Test--October 10
N/A
32
Chemistry
11th Grade
10/09/2011

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Term
nucleons
Definition
protons or neutrons
Term
nuclide
Definition
atom identified by the number of protons & neutrons in its nucleus
Term
nuclear reaction
Definition
a reaction that effects the nucleus of an atom
Term
transmutation
Definition
a change in the identity of a nucleus as a result of a change in its number of protons
Term
radioactive decay
Definition
the spontaneous disintergration of a nucleus into a lighter nucleus, with an emission of particles, radiation, or both
Term
nuclear radiation
Definition
particles/electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus during decay; measured in roentgens
Term
radioactive nuclide
Definition
an unstable nucleus that undergoes radioactive decay
Term
All the nuclides beyond the number __ are unstable and thus radioactive.
Definition
83
Term
Alpha Particle
Definition
4He2
Term
Beta Particle
Definition
0B-1 or 0e-1
Term
Positron
Definition
oB1
Term
Electron Capture
Definition
0e-1
Term
Gamma emission
Definition
high energy electromagnetic waves emitted from a nucleus as it changes from an excited state to a ground energy state (0Y0) (Most powerful)
Term
decay series
Definition
a series of radioactive nuclides produced by successive radioactive decay until a stable nuclide is reached
Term
parent nuclide
Definition
the heaviest nuclide of each decay series
Term
daughter nuclide
Definition
nuclides produced by the decay of the parent nuclides
Term
half-life
Definition
time required for half of the atoms of a radioactive nuclide to decay
Term
film badges
Definition
measure the approx. radiation exposure of people working with radiation
Term
geiger counter
Definition
instrument that detects radiation by counting electric pulses carried by gas ionized by radiation
Term
scintillation counter
Definition
instruments that convert scintillating light to an electric signal for detecting radiation
Term
radioactive dating
Definition
the process by which the approx. age of an object is determined based on the amount of certain radioactive nuclides present
Term
radioactive tracers
Definition
radioactive atoms that are incorporated into substances so that movement of the substances can be followed by radiation detectors
Term
nuclear fission
Definition
very heavy nucleus splits into more-stable nuclei
Term
nuclear reactor
Definition
uses controlled fission chain reactions to produce energy or radioactive nuclides
Term
nuclear power plants
Definition
use heat from reactors to produce electrical energy
Term
shielding
Definition
1 component of power plants, decreases exposure to radiation
Term
fuel
Definition
1 component of power plants, U-235
Term
control rods
Definition
1 component of power plants, control reaction by limiting # of free neutrons
Term
moderator
Definition
1 component of power plants, slows down the fast neutrons produced by fission
Term
coolant
Definition
1 component of power plants, water
Term
nuclear fusion
Definition
light-mass nuclei combine to form heavier, more stable nucleus (hydrogen bomb)
Term
nuclear wastes
Definition
produced by fusion & fission; contained/stored underground, never intended to be retrieved
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