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Radiation Syndrome II
Stages and systems
38
Physics
Undergraduate 4
11/01/2008

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Term
List the 4 stages of radiation syndrome.
Definition
1. Prodromal stage
2. Latent stage
3. Manifest Illness
4. Recovery or Death
Term
Which stage of radiation syndrome is first - it's name means "running before"
Definition
Prodromal
Term
The prodromal stage is the body's initial reaction to serious trauma - this is known as a state of ***
Definition
shock
Term
During this stage, there are very few, if any, outward symptoms.
Definition
Latent
Term
The lower the dose, the *** (longer/shorter) the latent stage lasts.
Definition
longer
Term
In this stage, symptoms appear which reflect the amount of damage that was done.
Definition
Manifest Illness
Term
The final stage, if the dose is under 100 RADs and the person receives good medical care, is often:
Definition
Recovery
Term
The two most common causes of death in the final stage of radiation syndrome, in order of frequency, are:
Definition
#1 infection
#2 hemorrhage
Term
The four types of radiation syndrome that can occur in humans are dependent on dose - they are:
Definition
1. Subclinical syndrome
2. Hematologic (AKA hematopoietic or bone marrow) syndrome
3. Gastrointestinal syndrome
4. Cerebrovascular (AKA CNS) syndrome
Term
Subclinical syndrome occurs at what dose (in RADs)
Definition
50 to 100 RADs
Term
The 4 main symptoms experience in the prodromal stage of subclinical syndrome, all fairly light, are:
Definition
1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Diarrhea
4. Malaise
Term
The latent stage in subclinical syndrome may last up to ****
Definition
4 weeks
Term
In which type of radiation syndrome might there be no manifest illness stage at all (or very little - maybe mild infection)
Definition
Subclinical
Term
In which type of radiation syndrome is the final stage always recovery (with medical care)
Definition
subclinical
Term
Although the subclinical syndrome always ends in recovery, what late effect exists?
Definition
Up to 20 years later, there is an increased risk of leukemia and other cancers.
Term
At what dose range does hematologic syndrome occur (in RADs)?
Definition
100 to 1000 RADs
Term
In hematologic syndrome, how long does the prodromal stage last?
Definition
A few hours to a few days.
Term
The other two names hematologic syndrome is known by are:
Definition
hematopoietic syndrome
and
bone marrow syndrome
Term
How long does the latent stage last in hematologic syndrome?
Definition
Up to 4 weeks (same as subclinical)
Term
In hematologic syndrome, what is the first symptom of the manifest illness stage?
Definition
pancytopenia (a drop in all blood counts including RBCs, WBCs, and platelets)
Term
Pancytopenia leads to a drop in all blood counts. What conditions result? (3)
Definition
RBCs - anemia
WBCs - infection
Platelets - hemorrhage
Term
At what dose levels (two ranges) can a person recover from hematologic syndrome with good medical care? In what time period for each?
Definition
100 to 300 RADs - 3 to 6 weeks
300 to 600 RADs - up to 1 year
Term
At a dose of 100 to 300 RADs, a person would develop hematologic syndrome. What 4 medical interventions would usually be needed to allow survival?
Definition
1. Blood transfusions
2. Antibiotics
3. IV fluids
4. IV feeding
Term
At a dose range of 300 to 600 RADs, what major medical intervention would probably be needed to survive?
Definition
Bone marrow transplant.
Term
At what dose level is death almost certain, as there is only one known survivor in history?
Definition
Over 600 RADs
Term
If more than 600 RADs are received and no medical care is given, when will death occur?
Definition
Within 2 to 8 weeks
Term
At what dose range does gastrointestinal syndrome occur?
Definition
1,000 to 5,000 RADs.
Term
Describe the prodromal stage in gastrointestinal syndrome:
Definition
Lasts only 1 day, severe nausea/vomiting/diarrhea and abdominal cramping.
Term
Describe the latent stage of gastrointestinal syndrome:
Definition
Lasts 2 to 5 days, severe malaise - person just lies in bed.
Term
Describe the manifest illness stage of gastrointestinal syndrome.
Definition
Severe nausea/vomiting/diarrhea again but also high fever of 104+ and GI bleeding.
Term
How long until death occurs in gastrointestinal syndrome?
Definition
5 to 14 days
Term
At what dose level does CNS syndrome occur?
Definition
Over 5,000 RADs.
Term
In CNS syndrome, the prodromal stage lasts how long?
Definition
A few minutes to a few hours
Term
In cerebrovascular syndrome, the prodromal stage includes very severe nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, and malaise, plus 4 additional symptoms not see in any other syndrome. These are:
Definition
1. nervousness
2. confusion
3. occasional LOC
4. burning sensation to skin
Term
The latent stage of CNS syndrome lasts how long and consists of this one symptom:
Definition
up to 12 hours
unconsciousness
Term
In CNS syndrome, the manifest illness stage includes violent nausea/vomiting/diarrhea plus these 2 additional symptoms:
Definition
ataxia (loss of muscle coordination)
and
confusion
Term
Describe the progression of confusion in CNS syndrome.
Definition
Confusion to delirium to coma to death
Term
Death always occurs in CNS syndrome within what time period?
Definition
1 to 3 days
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