Term
| What are the units of RADIOACTIVITY (both traditional and SI)? |
|
Definition
Traditional: Curie (Ci)
SI: Becquerel (Bq) |
|
|
Term
| What are the SI and Traditional units for ABSORBED DOSE? |
|
Definition
SI: Gray (Gy)
Traditional: Rad (Rad) |
|
|
Term
| What are the units (both US and SI) for DOSE EQUIVALENT? |
|
Definition
Traditional: Rem (rem)
SI: Sievert (Sv) |
|
|
Term
| Name the units of RADIATION EXPOSURE (both Common and SI). |
|
Definition
Common: Roentgen (R)
SI: Coulomb/Kilogram (C/kg) |
|
|
Term
| Convert the following: 1 Rad = ___ Gy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Provide the number of neutrons, protons and electrons in an ALPHA particle. |
|
Definition
| Alpha particle has 2 protons, 2 neutrons and 0 electrons. It is essentially a highly energized Helium nucleus with a +2 charge. |
|
|
Term
| Describe an alpha particle in terms of Linear Energy Transfer (LET) and Penetrance. |
|
Definition
| Alpha particles have high LET (deposits lots of energy) but low penetrance (can be contained very easily within a small space or by minimal amounts of shielding). |
|
|
Term
| Beta - particles (negatrons) are emitted from nucleii with too many (protons/neutrons/electrons) |
|
Definition
| Beta - particles (negatrons) are emitted from nucleii with too many neutrons. The emission follows nuclear rearrangment whereby a neutron is converted to a proton followed by release of a beta minus particle from the nucleus |
|
|
Term
| Describe ALPHA, BETA MINUS, X-RAYS and GAMMA-RAYS in terms of: 1) Nuclear Mass, 2) Charge, 3) Point of origin, 4) LET, and 5) Penetrance. |
|
Definition
Alpha (4 AMU mass, +2 charge, originates from heavy nucleii, high LET, can be stopped by a sheet of paper)
Beta minus (Low mass, -1 charge, originate from nucleii with too many neutrons, still considered low LET, can be stopped by plastic)
X-rays (No mass, No charge, originate from electron orbitals, low LET, high penetrance)
Gamma-rays (No mass, No charge, originate from energized nucleii, low LET, high penetrance) |
|
|
Term
| What is ALARA and from a practical standpoint, how are the principles of ALARA achieved? |
|
Definition
| As Low as Reasonably Achievable. Any amount of radiation is assumed to be potentially dangerous. Therefore we strive to keep exposure/dose as low as is reasonably achievable through managment of decrease TIME around a source, increased DISTANCE from a source and increased SHIELDING between you and the source. |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition for 'Deep Dose Equivalent' ? |
|
Definition
| Measured at 1 cm, the deep dose equivalent (HD) represents dose to the whole body from EXTERNAL radiation. |
|
|
