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Definition
| Occurs in humans after whole body reception of large doses of ionizing radiation delivered over a short period of time |
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Definition
| a radiation induced skin damage that causes shedding of the outer layer of skin |
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Term
| Early Non-Stochastic somatic effects |
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Definition
| AKA deterministic effect; these effects depend on the time of exposure to ionizing radiation. They appear within minutes, hours, days or weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| hair loss from high doses of radiation, this occurs because hair follicles are growing tissue |
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Definition
| Occurs after the prodromal stage,lasts for about a week, and the symptoms of acute radiation syndrome fade. It is during this time that either recovery or lethal effects begin. |
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Definition
| commences towards the end of the latent period, this is when the symptoms that affect the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cerebrovascular symptoms become visible |
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Term
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Definition
this is the initial stage on acute radiation syndrome, this occurs within hours of the initial exposure to of a whole-body absorbed dose of 1 Gyt or more
it is characterized by symptoms such as:vomiting,nausea, diarrhea,luekopenia,or fatigue |
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Term
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Definition
| this is the result when human organisms experience biologic damage from exposure to doses of radiation |
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Term
| Stochastic Somatic effects |
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Definition
| the probability that the effect is based on the dose of radiation received |
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Term
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Definition
| type of late somatic effect in which cancer occurs |
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Definition
| late effect in which cataracts occur; the lens of the eye contains transparent fibers that transmit light |
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Term
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Definition
| also known as embryologic effects. most vulnerable time of every life form is during the embryonic stage. the period of gestation in which the fetus is exposed to radiation determines the effect (death or congenital abnormality) because the embryo contains a large number of stem cells during the first trimester this is when radiation exposure would be the most crucial |
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Term
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Definition
| biologic effects of ionizing radiation on future generations |
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Term
| nonstochastic somatic effects |
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Definition
| the probability and the severity depend on the dose. ex:cataracts |
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Term
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Definition
| the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health. |
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Definition
| consequences of radiation exposure that appear months or years after the exposure |
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Term
| late nonstochastic somatic effects |
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Definition
| these affects can be directly related to the dose received,such slowly developing changes to the body from radiation exposure received |
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Term
| late Stochastic Somatic effects |
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Definition
| late responses in the body to radiation exposure that do not have a threshold, occur in an arbitrary or probabilistic manner, and have a severity that does not depend on dose |
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Term
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Definition
| means that any radiation dose will produce a biologic effect |
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Term
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Definition
| a point at which a response or reaction to an increasing stimulation first occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| as low as reasonably achievable |
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Term
| annual occupational dose limit |
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Definition
| 50 mSV or 5 Rem for whole body exposure during radiographic procedures , normally no radiographer should come remotely close to this limit: personal medical or background radiation is not included in this |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of types of radiation and the sensitivity of the tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| are developed for radiation safety purposes based on each body part |
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Term
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Definition
| the product of the average absorbed dose and the radiation weighting factor |
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Term
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Definition
| international commission of radiologic protection-Evaluates information on biologic effects of radiation and provides radiation protection guidance through general recommendations on occupational and public dose limits |
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Term
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Definition
| national counsel of radiologic protection and measurements-reviews regulations formulated by the IRCP and decides ways to include those recommendations in U.S. radiation protection criteria |
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Term
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Definition
| radiation safety officer-responsible for developing an appropriate radiation safety program for the facility that follows internationally accepted guidelines for radiation protection |
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Definition
| suggests that low levels of radiation, less than 10 rad are good for you; such low doses may provide a protective effect by stimulating molecular repair and immunologic response mechanisms;this remains a theory |
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Term
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Definition
| based on sensitivity; equate various risks of cancer or genetic effects to the tissues or organs that were exposed to radiation |
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Term
| Entrance skin exposure rates |
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Definition
| the amount of radiation received by a patient from diagnostic imaging procedures;easy to obtain and widely used |
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Term
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Definition
| there must be consistency between the mA stations in output radiation intensity; linearity can only vary by 10% |
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Term
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Definition
| there must be consistency in the output of the X-ray beam;the X-ray unit must have the ability to duplicate certain exposures for any combination of Kvp, mA, acceptable ;can only vary by 5% or less |
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Term
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Definition
| is a measurement of the beam quality or effective energy of the X-ray beam |
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Term
| Primary protective barrier |
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Definition
| to prevent direct or unscattered, radiation from reaching personnel or members of the general public on the other side of the barrier ; consists of a half inch of lead |
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Term
| xray beam limitation device |
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Definition
| xray beam should always be properly collimated so that is no larger than the image receptor;types of devices are;aperture diaphragms, cones, and cylinders |
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Term
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Definition
| alternative procedure to the use of a radiographic grid for reducing scattered radiation during certain examinations; this technique reduces scatter by increasing OID |
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Term
| genetically significant dose |
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Definition
| used to assess the gonadal dose;the equivalent dose to the reproductive organs that, if received by every human would be expected to bring about an identical gross genetic injury to the total population, as does the sum of the actual dose received by exposed individual members of the population |
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Term
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Definition
| of at least 0.25 mm lead equivalent must automatically cover the bucky slot opening in the side of the X-ray table during standard fluoroscopic examination when the bucky try os positioned at the foot end of the table |
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Term
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Definition
| expresses the relationship between distance and intensity of radiation and governs the dose received; states that the intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source |
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Term
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Definition
| must not exceed 1 mGYa/hr 1 M from the X-ray source |
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Term
| secondary protective barrier |
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Definition
| to protect against secondary radiation like scatter or leakage; any wall or barrier that is never struck by the X-ray beam; consists of 1/32 inch of lead |
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