Term
| interaction between ionizing radiation and target molecule |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What reduces patient dose? |
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Definition
| Collimator and gonad shield |
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Term
| What does not reduce patient dose? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does intensity affected is SID is decreased by half? |
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Definition
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Term
| fetal dose-limit for pregnant radiographer during entire gestation period |
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Definition
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Term
| "who should hold patient? Transporter, patient's father, patient's mother, or student radiographer?" |
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Definition
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Term
| sources of natural background radiation |
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Definition
| terrestrial radionuclides and cosmic radiation |
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Term
| Irradiation of water molcules within body and resulting in breakdown |
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Definition
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Term
| Bucky slot cover protects who? |
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Definition
| fluoroscopist and technologist. Not patient |
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Term
| X-ray interaction with matter responsible for majority of scatter reaching IR? |
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Definition
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Term
| "With mA increased to maintain output intensity, how is ESE affected as souce-to-skin (SSD) is increased?" |
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Definition
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Term
| Late radiation-induced somatic effects include? |
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Definition
| "carcinogenesis, cataractogensis, & reproductive risks" |
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Term
| "Each time an xray beam scatters, its intensity at 1m is what fraction of the original?" |
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Definition
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Term
| Annual occupational whole-body dose limit? |
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Definition
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Term
| Thermoluminescent dosimetry system uses which crystal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are sources of secondary radiation? |
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Definition
| "leakage radiation, scattered radiation, off focus radiation" |
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Term
| What affects patient dose? |
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Definition
| "KVP, mAs, inherent filtration" |
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Term
| What doesn't affect patient dose? |
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Definition
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Term
| Photoelectric effect: interaction between xray photon and..? |
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Definition
| interaction between xray photon and inner-shell electron |
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Term
| Examples of non linear threshold responses. Non-stochastic: |
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Definition
| "epilation, hematologic depression, radiation lethality" |
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Term
| absorbed dose (rad) x modifying factor (QF) = ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Radiation during 3rd week of pregnancy may result in: |
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Definition
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Term
| Same element with different top number (neutrons) but same protons is? |
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Definition
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Term
| medical and dental radiation accounts for how much of man made radiation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Possible long term somatic effects of radiation? |
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Definition
| "cataracts, embryologic effects" |
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Term
| optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter is made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| immature cells also known as? |
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Definition
| "stem cells, undifferentiated cells" |
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Term
| occupational dose known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| primary radiation barrier height? |
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Definition
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Term
| annual dose limits for occupational individuals is valid for what types of radiation? |
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Definition
| "Gamma, X-ray, and Beta (all ionizing)" |
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Term
|
Definition
| "flat, shaped/contour, shadow" |
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Term
| what results in greatest dose to individual? Beta/alpha internal/external? |
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Definition
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Term
| biologic material is most sensitive in what condition? |
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Definition
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Term
| reduction in xray beam as it passes through material |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| cell dies without trying to divide |
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Term
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Definition
| radiation with time intervals between each dose |
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Term
|
Definition
| cells dies after a few mitotic phases |
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Term
|
Definition
| radiation should be done within first 10 days following onset of menstruation |
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Term
| Acute Radiation Syndrome: Central Nervous system occurs when? |
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Definition
| exposures greater than 5000 mrads |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| sloughing off of skin cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| exposures between 100 and 1000 rads to the whole body |
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Term
| 25rad during 8th week of pregnancy |
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Definition
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|
Term
| largest amount of xray absorption likely to occur in lung, fat, muscle or bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| Leakage radiation from tube must not exceed what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What most effectively minimizes radiation exposure? Small focal spot, low-ratio grid, log sid, or high speed intensifying screen? |
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Definition
| High speed instensifying screen |
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|
Term
| Isotopes have same atomic number (protons) , but different atomic mass number |
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Definition
| Same bottom number, different top number |
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Term
| Aluminum filtration has greatest effect on what type of photons? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Amount of time that xrays are being produced and directd toward a particular wall |
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Definition
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|
Term
| operation of personnel radiation monitoring devices depends on? |
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Definition
| ionization, luminescence, and thermoluminesnces |
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|
Term
| Patient dose increases as Flouroscopic FOV does what what? |
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Definition
| FOV decreases. When magnified, not as bright, so mAs must increase to compensate |
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Term
|
Definition
| leukopenia, nausea, vommiting |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| xray photo interaction with matter and transference of part of photon's energy to matter |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what contributes most to occupational exposure? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which radiation monitoring device gives immediate reading? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| most effect gonal shield? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| tabletop radiation must not exceed |
|
Definition
| 2.1R/min/mA, 10R/min, in high level fluro, 20/R/min |
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Term
| What 3 things contribute to PRODUCTION of scatter? |
|
Definition
| KVP, Body, field size/collimation |
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Term
| automatic exposure device under xray table |
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Definition
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|
Term
| LET, linear energy transfer |
|
Definition
| method of expressing radiation quality, mesaures rate radiation energy is transferred to soft tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Annual effective occupation dose |
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Definition
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|
Term
| diagnostic xrays have RBE value of: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The most radiosensitive portion of GI tract |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Photoelectric effect (attenuation) occurs with: |
|
Definition
| absorbers with high Z number (bone), lower engery incident phtons, positive contrast media (barium) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| especially radiosensitive tissues |
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Definition
| bone marrow, intestinal crypt cells, erythroblasts |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| amount of material to reduce intensity of beam in half |
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|
Term
| which are late effects of ionizing radiation? Leukemiia, local tissue damage, malignant disease? |
|
Definition
| Leukemiia, local tissue damage, malignant disease |
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|
Term
| TLD devices are reusable, made of lithium floride |
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Definition
| once exposed, give off light proportional to radiation received |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| types of radiation barriers |
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Definition
| control booth, aprons, xray tube housing |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| any wall xray beam can be directed toward |
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|
Term
| minimum filtration for above 70kvp |
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Definition
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|
Term
| minimum filtration for 50-70 |
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Definition
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|
Term
| minimum filtration for less than 50 |
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Definition
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|
Term
| chest xray without a grid ESE |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| occupational radiation monitoring is required when the individual might receive more than: |
|
Definition
| 1/10th of annual dose limit |
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|
Term
| Dose of radiation that will cause noticeable skin skin reaction |
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Definition
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|
Term
| radiation induced condition w/ Longest latent period |
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Definition
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|
Term
| monitoring device where photos relase electronos by their interaction with air |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Radiographer's gestational dose for 1 month |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| applies to DNA. DNA is target, but body is mostly water, so most interaction is radiolysis. Direct is with tissue, indirect is with water, but through free radicals can transfer to tissue. |
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|
Term
| Which radiation is considered electromagnetic? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Interaction between xray photons and tissue that is responsible for contrast |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 2 interactions between xray photons and tissue: |
|
Definition
| photoelectric effect and comptom scatter |
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|
Term
| what radiation dose situation is most harmful |
|
Definition
| large amount of xray at one time over whole body |
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|
Term
| To within what percent of SID must collimator light be accurate? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Most important scattering object is: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incident photon interacts with outer shell electron and loses energy and changes direction. The electron is ejected. |
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|
Term
| dose for students under 18 |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| late effects, dose related (linear) with no threshold |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| genetic dose of radiation borne by each member or reproductive population |
|
Definition
| genetically significant dose |
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|
Term
| exposure switch type in Mobile Radiography: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Least radiosensitive cell type in adults |
|
Definition
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