Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| alpha particles have an atomic mass of __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| alpha particles originate from: |
|
Definition
| the nucleus of heavy elements |
|
|
Term
| the least penetrating form of ionizing radiation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| have an atomic mass of zero |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| beta particles have ___ unit of negative charge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| beta particles originate in: |
|
Definition
| the nucleus of radioactive atoms |
|
|
Term
| energy of alpha particles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| range in air of alpha particles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| range in air of beta particles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| range in soft tissue of alpha particles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| range in soft tissue of beta particles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gamma rays are emitted from: |
|
Definition
| the nucleus of a radioisotope |
|
|
Term
| the only forms of ionizing electromagnetic radiation of radiologic interest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| xrays and gamma rays have no __ or __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| range in air of x and gamma rays |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| range in soft tissue of xrays and gamma rays |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sequence of events folowing high level radiation dose leading to death within days or weeks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| minimum whole body lethal dose for acute radiation syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| death from acute radiation exposure follows a ______ response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| three syndromes of acute radiation |
|
Definition
hematologic death
gastrointestinal death
central nervous system death |
|
|
Term
blood producing stem cells in bone marrow are killed
death results from severe anemia, infection, and internal bleeding
200-1000 rads |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with hematologic death, patients may surive the ___ of exposure range |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in hematologic death, death will occur in 100% of cases within ___ weeks at high exposure end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
intestinal epithelial stem cells are killed
death from severe GI hemorrahage and dehydration
1000-5000 rad |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in GI death, death will occur in 100% of cases within ____ days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
damage to the brain cells causes swelling and increased intracranial pressure
>5000 rad |
|
Definition
| central nervous system death |
|
|
Term
| with GI death, death will occur within _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two periods associated with acute radiation lethality |
|
Definition
prodromal period
latent period |
|
|
Term
acute clinical symptoms
occurs within hours of exposure and continues for up to a day or two
approximately 100+ rad
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
free of visible effects
from hours or less to weeks
period after exposure where there is no sign of sickness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stage of acute radiation syndrom which sign and symptoms are apparent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dose of radiation to whole body that causes 50% of irradiated subjects to die within 60 days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as whole body dose increases, average time between exposure and death decreases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| survival time is ___ with the hematologic syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most radiosensitive layer of the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| damage to basal cells results in the _____ of radiation injury to the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| radiation doses of ___ rads or more to a small area of the body can cause skin erythema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cells of the testes and ovaries respond differently to radiation due to: |
|
Definition
| differences in progression from the stem cell phase to the mature cell |
|
|
Term
| the most radiosensitive phase of the male cell maturation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most radiosensitive phase of the female cell maturation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| testes will __ after high doses of radiation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| radiation dose as low as __ can reduce the number of spermatazoa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| radiation dose of ___ produces temporary infertility for __-__ months following irradiation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| radiation dose at ____ produces permanent sterility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| irradiation early in life ___ the size of the ovaries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ovaries are most radiosensitive during |
|
Definition
| fetal growth and early childhood |
|
|
Term
| a radiation dose of 10 rad will ___ for females |
|
Definition
| delay or supress menstruation |
|
|
Term
| a dose of 200 rad will ___ for females |
|
Definition
| cause temporary infertility |
|
|
Term
| a dose of 500 rad in females will cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the principle response to radiation exposure is a decrease in ____ |
|
Definition
| the number of all types of blood cells |
|
|
Term
| the first blood cells to become affected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lymphocytes are the ____ in the hemapoietic system |
|
Definition
| most radiosensitive cells |
|
|
Term
| they experience a rapid rise in number followed by a rapid decrease, then a slower decrease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| recovery of granulocytes might take ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depletion occurs slower because of longer time required for more sensitive cells to reach maturity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| recovery of platelets may take ___ months |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| less sensitive than other blood cells and have a longer recovery time (6 mos to 1 year) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hgih dose of radiation may lead to: |
|
Definition
reduction in size of tissues and organs
shrinkage of tissues and organs
total loss of tissue or organ function |
|
|
Term
| it is difficult to observe aberrations at doses less than |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| usually accomplished by creating a karyotype |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| structural damage can be visualized with a ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a chromosome hit produce a visible derangement of the chromosome and causes severe damage to DNA |
|
Definition
| single-hit chromosome aberration |
|
|
Term
| singel hit effects during the G1 phase create breakage called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| breakage from a single hit chromosome abberations creates fragments called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when a chromosome sustains more than one hit |
|
Definition
| multi-hit chromosome abberations |
|
|
Term
| in G1 phase, ____ are produced if the two hits occur in the same chromosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| produced when adjacent chromosomes each suffer one hit and recombine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| multihit charomosome aberrations that require karyotyopic analysis for detection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| types of multihit chromosome aberrations |
|
Definition
ring chromosomes
dicentrics
reciprocal translocation |
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