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| Four systems of units for base quantities |
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| SI, MKS, CGS, and BRITISH |
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| If velocity is constant, acceleration is |
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| acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with |
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| a body will remain at rest or will continue to move with constant velocity in a strait line unless acted upon by an external force (what law of newtons law of motion?) |
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| the force that acts upon an object is equal to the mass x acceleration produced |
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| 2nd law of motion (force) |
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| for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
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| 3rd law of motion (action/reaction) |
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mass x acceleration
m x a |
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| Weight is a force on a body caused by |
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| mass and the acceleration of gravity on earth |
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m x g
mass of object x acceleration due to gravity |
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| momentum is the product o |
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| the total momentum before any interaction is equal to |
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| the total momentum after the interaction |
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work is the product of ...
the unit is... |
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force and distance
(J) joule |
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the SI unit of power is
the british unit of power is |
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joule/second J/s or watt (W)
horsepower hp |
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| Energy is the ability to do |
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| the energy of an object in motion |
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| energy stored in position of configuration |
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mgh
mass, accel. from gravity, distance above earths surface |
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units of exposure in air
trad. and SI |
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Trad. roentgen
SI coloums/kg |
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absorbed dose
trad. and SI |
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occupational/public dose (equiv. dose)
trad. and SI |
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Radioactivity units
trad. and SI |
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| pressure is quoted in units of (2) ? |
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normal temperature and pressure
0 degrees celcius and 76 cmHg |
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| 3 things can vary in dealing with gas laws |
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| chemicals that cannot be broken down into simpler chemical forms |
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| the results of two or more elements linked together chemically |
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| the smallest part of an element that can exist and still retain the chemical properties of that element |
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| the smallest part of a compound that still retains the chemical properties of that compound. number of atoms linked together |
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| Rutherford described the nuclear model |
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| small dense positive center surrounded by negative electrons |
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| bohr later improved the nuclear model. idea of |
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| electrons at different energy levels |
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| at center of the atom is the nucleus. contains |
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the proton has ___ charge
neutron has ___ Charge |
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proton +
neutron is neutral no charge |
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| electrons have ___ charge |
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| what holds the electrons in their energy levels |
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| the electric force of attractions between the electrons and the positive nucleus |
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| number of protons (also the number of electrons) |
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| what determines the chemical properties? |
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# of protons
# of nuetrons does not |
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| what would varying the number of neutrons do |
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| change the mass of the element |
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| atomic number represented by |
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| atomic mass represented by |
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| the different electron shells represent different levels of |
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| the further a shell is from the nucleus, |
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| energy levels are represented by |
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| electron limit ( n is the shell number ) |
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| the strength of attachment of an electron to the nucleus is called |
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| the closer the electron is to the nucleus, the |
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| the further away an electron is to the nucleus... |
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| higher the PE lower the binding energy |
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| ______ is the smallest part of an element |
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| _________ is the smallest part of a compound |
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| the energy needed to release an electron is the same as |
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| when atoms have the same atomic number but different mass number |
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| results when changed number of neutrons |
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| unstable nuclei of radioactive isotopes will try to return to a stable state by |
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| emitting beta particles and gamma rays |
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| when atoms of different elements have the same mass number, but still a different atomic number |
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| when was radioactivity first discovored? |
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| by HENRI BECQUEREL in 1896 |
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| a phenomenon in which radiation is given off by the nuclei of the element |
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| nuclides eventually break up and emit particles and/or radiation energy from their nuclei = this is radioactivity and the unstable isotopes are called |
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| _____________ have been usd as radiation therapy sources, but are also used in nuclear medicine |
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| radioactivity is a ____ process |
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| nuclear; it does not involve the orbital electrons; thus is not influenced by chemical changes nor by variations in env. |
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| protons have like charges and would normally |
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| repel each other and break up the nucleus |
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| some nuclide's, especially ones with high atomic numbers are ....no matter how many neutrons are present. |
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| uranium, with an atomic number of 92, has no... |
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after disintegration, a new nuclide is formed which may or may not be stable... known as
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| examples of the many unstable isotopes that occur naturally are... |
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| radioisotopes can be man-made in nuclear reactors and particle accelerators such as |
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| the common way in which isotopes can be produced is by altering the number of |
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| isotopes can otherwise be produced by bombarding atoms with high speed... |
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| protons, deuterons, and alpha particles |
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| what are the four modes of radioactive decay? |
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alpha particle
beta particle
electron capture
gamma emission and internal conversion |
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| the emission of an alpha particle is associated with the breakdown of ____________ such as uranium and radium |
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| the process of radioactive decay which is accompanied by the ejection of a |
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| positive or negative electron from thenucleus |
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| ___________ and __________ do not exist in the nucleus, but are created at the instant of the decay process |
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| phenomenon in which one of the orbital electrons is captured by the nucleus and so transforms a proton into a neutron |
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| besides gamma emission, a nucleus can also lose energy by _______ |
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| internal conversion ... process in which the excess energy is passed on to one of the orbiting electrons, which is then ejected. |
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