SOCIAL STRATIFICATION is: 

-when socially constructed groups are placed into a hierarchy

social stratif. differs from social differentiation in that: 

-social differentiation does not imply a hierarchy 

a HIERARCHY is: 

-a social structure

-unequal distribution of power/wealth 

 when we say that RACE IS NOT PURELY A BIOLOGICAL FACT/REALITY we mean:

-race is socially constructed

-race is percieved differently in different cultures

-different physical attributes are used to signify race across cultures

-social factors such as wealth, proffession, etc can influence a person's race 

 4

RACIAL FORMATION THEORY states: 

-racial categories are ALWAYS being contested and redefined

-race is a socio/historic construct

-race shapes our worldview

-race is a matter of both structure and culture

-concpets of race change through racial projects 

RACIAL PROJECTS are: 

-actions of people that change, contest, debate, or otherwise help to define race and to distribute power based on those meanings 

5

RACE is: 

 -a social construct based on a person's presumed biological traits

5

ETHNICITY is: 

-a social construct based on a person's culture and ancestry 

 5

 the difs between RACE and ETHNICITY are:

-race is about a person's biology while ethnicity is about a person's culture and origin

-two whites can be of the same race but different ethnicities 

6

RACISM is: 

-racism is the belief that your race is superior to all others

6

ETHNOCENTRISM is: 

-the belief that your culture is supeior to all others 

 7

explain the ways in which racism and ethnocentrism can be expressed at the PERSONAL, CULTURAL, AND MACRO levels 

 -these are 3 dif ways racism function in our societies

-more than one may be happening at once in any given situation

1.  PERSONAL level = individuals interacting with eachother and making racist decisions

2.   CULTURAL level = the pref for straight (whit) hair over kinky hair

3.  MACRO levels = hardest to detect, the sum of many laws and structures which favor one race over another 

8

INSTITUTIONAL RACISM is: 

-the hardest of the three types to detect

-hardest to solve

-system of laws and structures that give one race an advantage over another 

10

the BIOLOGICAL perspective of race holds: 

-race is permanent

-you are born with it

-inherent inferiority/superiority

11

a bio perspective of race differs from a social construction perspective; 

bio

-race is permanent

--race is a fact that can be proven

---innate racial characteristics that are passed on

social construct

-race is flexible/can change

--race socially defined

 ---we are taught to percieve race

12

 examples of race being flexible, historical, and contextual are;

-flexible= the guy who was black, once he got his doctorate he was thought of as white

-historical= micks=nonwhite in colonial times, now they are white

-contextual= brown in jamaica, black in the us

13

IMPERIALISM is: 

-the physical domination of one culture over another 

13

HEGEMONY is: 

-the cultural domination of one group over another

-building power through concensus 

13

how does imperialism and hegemony relate to racial categorization? 

-they are used by the ruling group to dictate and form racial categorization 

14

race as LINEAGE means: 

-one of the earliest theories of race

-MONOGENISIS=all people come from adam and eve

-difs were due to culture and environment

-was flexible 

14

race as TYPE:

-POLYGENISM=groups descended from multiple origins

-racial difs are innate and passed down

-races are hierarchichally ordered

-appearance plays an increasingly important role

-during colonial times

-race is permanent 

14

race as SOCIAL CONSTRUCT: 

-current theory

-socially constructed

-flexable 

15

when we say that ethnicity uses a LANGUAGE OF PLACE we mean: 

-ethnicity is connected to a specific place in the world where as race is not 

16

STRUCTURES OF ALTERITY are: 

-macro level racism/ethnocentrism that treat non-whites as 'others', marginalizing the

- 

16

how were blacks and indians inserted into structures of alterity? 

-both concieved of as others

-indians had legal protections

-blacks were ignored