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Transitioning from one country to another |
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W2
Minority Group
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Subordinate Group |
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Definition
A culturally, ethnically, or racially distinct group that coexists with but is subordinate to a more dominant group |
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Becoming part of the society; integrating
Generational: differences btw generations |
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A popular belief about specific types of individuals
Many times based on prior assumptions |
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A stratification of and substantial inequality among physcially distinct groups
Johann Blumenbach: German anatomist - 1795
1) Caucasians (white) 4)Americas (Native)
2) Mongolians (asian) 5) Malays (Polynesians)
3) Ethiopians(africans) |
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A category of human beings with distinctive physical characteristics transmitted by descent, and set in a racialized hierarchy
-16-17th century race: kinship linkages
-18th to present: physical characteristics (skin color, hair type, facial feature) |
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An ideology that considers a group's unchangeable physical characterism be linked in a direct, casual way to pyschological or intellectual characteristics and that on this basis, distinguishes between superior and inferior racial groups
(EX: Nazis/Germany) |
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Has been the process by which those in the dominant white group, especially its elites have defined & constructed certain groups as being racially inferior or superior for the purposes of societal placement & group enrichment, segregation, and oppression
Today race is a SOCIAL CONSTRUCT |
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A social group that persons inside or outside the group have decided is important to single out as inferior or superior, typically on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics selected subjectively |
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-An ethnic group is defined as a group socially distinguished or set apart by others or by itself, primarily on the basis of cultural or national-origin characteristics
-Ancestry
-Ethnic group: minorty group of subordinate group within dominant group
-Ethnocentrism: belief that ones particular ethnic group is more imporant than othersand should be measured according to their ethnic group |
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Majority group that has the greatest power and resources in society
-Ex: Elites |
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Shared values, understandings, symbols, and practices of a group of people |
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Cultural diversity and its acceptance
Born out of culture |
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Refers to those who inhabit England today |
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Refers to the English who came to America
As well as the Irish, Scots, and Scandinavians |
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Definition
- Massachusetts 1629-1640
- 20,000 came at first and then 120,000 years later
- Divine Mission
- Devout Puritans
Religious devotion: their goal was to create a model Christian society to properly worship God
Strict religious belief system and did not like the Anglican belief system
- 1607: Puritans flee to Holland
- Radical, known as Separatists (those who left bc of the Church of England)
- Church of England similar to Catholic Church
Felt the Church of England should reform further (one reason why they left)
-Set out in 1620 to the New World on the Mayflower |
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- From North Midland England and Wales
- Arrived Delaware Valley 1675-1725
- Founder George Fox (1647)
- Radical in England
- William Penn
- Creates the Quaker Commonwealth --> Pennsylvania
- Thought religion could be set aside in favor of the commonwealth
- Seen as radical religious zealists
- No formal ministries or sacraments; no use of rank within society
- Believe in pacifism (no violence within)
- Settled in West Jersey; worked really well with the Native Americans (at a larger scale)
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- 18th and 19th Century construct
- “White” vs. “Inferior” races
- Historic Precedent for racism
- “Whiteness”
- Becomes important for US economy (Native American land)
- African Americans becoming free
- Distinction of people and who was better among them |
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- 1840’s term
- Anti immigrant ideology
- Advocates protection of native born inhabitants from immigrants that are seen as threatening or dangerous => promotion of Americanism
- Alien Act
- 1798: gave president power to deport immigrants who “posed” danger, rid of desirables
- Went from a requirement of being a resident for 5 years to 14 years to become a citizen (1790s)
- “Know-Nothing” Movement
- Mainly in 1840s and 1850s fighting new immigration and catholicism
- Political group; started as secret society and then began to beat up immigrants-> brought violence to urban areas
- Called themselves the Know Nothing Party bc when they got caught, they said they “knew nothing”
- Wanted to preserve nativist ideal; idea of white society kept maturing --> white expansionism
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- Charles Darwin is very popular at this time period
- Survival of the fittest in both biology and socially
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1215: signed by King John in 1215 which gave rights to parliament and limited the power of the King; power ultimately given to elites of society |
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-Virginia Royalists
- From Southern England
- 1642-1675 bigger influx of people
- The Virginia Company
- 1607 > 105 settlers
- Brought indentured servants
- First English colony established in 1607 named after the virgin Queen Elizabeth
- Wanted to find Gold (that was their goal; part goes to the crown and part they keep)
- In 1607 the Virginia Company sent people to Jamestown (75 went, only 39 survived)
- Found no gold and needed to establish establishments which led to tobacco sales
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Governmental body that the Pilgrim leaders enter that were made by their own
choosing, that they all would abide by => charter
- They lived separate from all their other colonies until 1691 --> known as the Massachusetts Bay Colony (little interaction = some trade but no integration)
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Term
W2/3
{WASP}
WHITE ANGLO SAXON PROTESTANT
AMERICANS |
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Definition
Those who descended from the English |
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Term
W2/3
Colonization Migration |
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Definition
- Immigration after the Revolution
- Revolution - 1820 (colonies rebel against England --> USA)
- Small amounts of immigration
- 1820-1910: Industrial Workers
- Ease of assimilation
- Cultural similarities
- Language
- 1820: immigration becomes important again; English come over who have already
experienced the Industrial Revolution --> skilled labors, find professional jobs
- Most still Protestant and Anglican |
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Definition
- Defined the position of slaves
- Varied from State to State
- Violation of code was dealt with at an individual basis - owner had right to decide punishment, some heard in court.
- Objective: to maintain slavery and make them feel inferior |
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Definition
- Vary from state to state
- Restrictions put in place for those who are free
- Could farm but could not own city lots bc they did not want them flooding the city
- Labor contracts |
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Definition
- Man named Thomas Rice
- Portrayed a character in a theater
- Used to subordinate black mans role in culture and society |
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Definition
- Involved both whites and free blacks
- Whites who were a part of the movements did not
always believe in racial equality
- Influenced came from within as well |
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Definition
- No longer allowing segregation
- Process of ending segregation
- Follows the Brown decision |
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Term
W3/4
Brown vs. Board of Education |
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Definition
- 1954
- Most black children attended segregated schools = no equal right of education
- Challenged by her and the NAACP |
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Definition
- Homer Plessy, 1/8th African American
- Case originates Louisiana
- chooses to sit in the white car and gets arrested |
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Term
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| the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international powe |
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Definition
- First half of the 20th century (1916-1930)
- Demographic change of people most specifically the blacks from South to North
- Many blacks moving to North and West where industrial jobs are available |
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Definition
| the legal term by certain countries such as the U.S. and South Africa identifying a person with one white parent and one black parent, or more broadly, a person of mixed black and white ancestry. |
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Term
W3/4
American Colonization
Society |
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Definition
| -Founded in 1816 with the goal to allow those who were brought against their will to go back to Africa and have complete freedom (Liberia become the country where many were sent, official language still English |
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Definition
- Opposing Desegregation
- Document opposing racial integration in public places |
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Term
W3/4
Civil Rights Act
of 1957 |
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Definition
(I) Directed toward the ability to vote (1957)
(II) Outlawed major discrimination of black men and women, outlawed racial segregation (in schools, workplaces, govt offices); officially ended voter registration based on certain laws (1964) |
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Definition
| Line drawn in our minds => sociological concept in our minds (education, how one is raised |
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Term
W3/4
Racial Discrimiation |
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Definition
| To treat differently a person or group of people based on their racial origins. Power is a necessary precondition, for it depends on the ability to give or withhold social benefits, facilities, services, opportunities etc., from someone who should be entitled to them, and are denied on the basis of race, colour or national origin |
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Definition
-Factors that Pushed people out of Ireland
- Factors that pulled the Irish to America |
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Term
Great Famine
Potatoe Famine |
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Definition
- Great Famine: mini ice age, thousands of people die, causing about 100,000 to emigrate to the US
-PF: 1 million died in a span of 5 years; because of the fungus phytophthora infestans |
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Term
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Definition
| -derived from northern Ireland, immigrated from Ireland to Scotland than to U.S. (they were protestant) |
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| Norman Invasion of Ireland |
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Definition
Henry II King of England who has Norman lands an army
1172 makes it a territory of England
Wins most of the people through promising land
Pope gives the right to invade Ireland to preserve Catholicism
Troubles over succession leads to one kingdom instead of two (King John solidifies this idea) |
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Definition
Came over to U.S., No evidence they existed
Believed to exist as coal minors
Underground
Vigilante justice
Challenged American justice |
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Definition
| Women came over alone, unmarried without families |
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Definition
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-Otto von Bismarck
-Occurs under Bismarck
-Bismarck is minister for kaiser Wilhelm the first
-The Austrian-Prussian War and Franco-Prussian War brings unification
-Bismarck orchestrates war with the French and eventually they call upon the confederation of the german states to go against the French => unifies Germany under one single cause
-Peace Treaty signed by the French and German states in 1871 in which the French have to pay 5 billion francs to pay for the war and give up Alsez-Lorraine province
-King of Prussia becomes Kaiser of the new Germanic State |
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Term
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Definition
- Annointed by Pope
-Charlamegne: king of France but also of HolyRomEmp
- 962 Otto the Great brings it to German Empire; not politically unified at all = many different states but still under the control of the Holy roman Empire
-Existed from 962-1806
-Located mainly in central Europe
-Main territory is what becomes the Kingdom of Germany |
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Definition
(1878-1890)
-Brought about social democrats and socialist activists to flee to America
-Didn’t want urban upset |
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Definition
- Want to live in Urban society
- Tend to migrate to places with German langauge and schools
-Spread out to midwest to purchase land to farm, causing them to never form a cohesive ethnic blob or political governance |
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Definition
-German Socialization among German country men
-Charitable
-Cross -Cultural Exchange: used festivals and parades to promote and provide understanding of their culture |
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Definition
-More Socialist and Democratic at first
-Largest Non English speaking group that gave a political effort (little success)
-Lack of Political Alliance |
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Definition
| - Fear of foreigners or strangers |
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Definition
What are the 4 distinct english speaking immigrant groups?
Quakers,
Puritans (formed a strict religious community; isolated; Private charter = Mayflower Compact until 1691 ), Integrated into the Massachusetts colony bc of the dominion
Virginia Royalists
Borderland Immigrants
What event altered England’s religion in the 16th century?
The Protestant Reformation
How was the religion of the people of England dictated?
By the Sovereign (England and the government) |
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Term
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Definition
1.) What did the slave codes do for the White population?
Established the blacks as inferior, gave whites more power over them
2.) How is family understood within the slave community?
The father didn’t really have a specific role, seen as the person who established reproduction
3.) Does being an abolitionist mean you have to support racial equality?
No, even though many supported the abolitionist movement, they did not believe in racial equality
4.) Can one just “flip the switch” on the political and social aspects of slavery?
Takes over 100 years to see change and comes in small doses |
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Term
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Definition
I.) How does the condition and status of blacks contradict the American value system?
American value system places importance on equality, liberty, individual freedom yet its being undermined
II.) What is Jim Crow’s Racism? ***
Legal restrictions/segregations on blacks
Not allowing intermarriage
Understood and legally accepted
III.) What is laissez-faire Racism? ***
Very subtle, less obvious
Emerges post civil right movement (late 60s early 70s)
Not politically correct to be racist
IV.) What is the “Color Line” and does it still divide us?
Line drawn in our minds => sociological concept in our minds (education, how one is raised |
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Term
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Definition
1.)What kind of impact did the Brown v. Board of Education have on the educational system?
- 1954
- Most black children attended segregated schools = no equal right of education
- Challenged by her and the NAACP
2 ) What kinds of opposition did integration of the educational system face?
- Southern Manifesto: opposed Brown v. Board, did not want to get rid of separate but
equal
3 ) Difference between laissez-faire and Jim Crow Racism?
LF: more social in nature, racism that is much more vail
Jim Crow - Man named Thomas Rice; Portrayed a character in a theater; Used to
subordinate black mans role in culture and society |
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Definition
1.) How was the immigration of Irish women different from other female immigration?
- Gave them their own independence and identity
2.) Why was Irish immigration different than other groups we have discussed?
Potato famine pushed them out
Religious persecution from the British (Protestant)
3.) What was one of the major types of anti Irish sentiment that the immigrants faced?
Political Cartoons
Hostile Discrimination
Violence
Before the civil war they were considered colored |
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Term
| Race in General Questions |
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Definition
1.)How has the definition of race changed over time?
-16th-17th century: kinship (your race is your last name/ ancestors)
-18th-20th century:Perceived by group of people who is inferior and not (Imposed on)
Physical appearance would define race
Biological Difference between races
Today: Based more on ones ethnicity and culture => Social Construct
2.) What is a racial hierarchy?
-Stratification of and substantial inequality among physically distinct groups
Johan Blumenbach
Classified it by superiority (Caucasian, Mongolian, Ethiopians, Americans, Malays) |
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