Term
| What are the four types of transport processes? |
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Definition
1) primary active transport (ATP required, uphill)
2) secondary active transport (co-transporters required, uphill)
3) facilitated diffusion (protein shuttle required, downhill)
4) passive diffusion (permeability required, downhill) |
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Term
| what does TM limited mean? |
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Definition
| transport maximum limited = transport proteins become saturated |
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Term
| what part of the kidney takes on water when you have edema? |
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Definition
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Term
| by what process are filtered proteins in the proximal tubule transported from the apical tubular epithelium to the basolateral endothelium on the blood side |
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Definition
| receptor-mediated endocytosis (active process) |
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Term
| what happens to protein load in the tubules with glomerular nephritis? |
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Definition
| the glomerular membrane gets damaged and the protein load present in the proximal tubule is too great to be fully reabsorbed and the excess protein passes on to the urine |
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Term
| what process of transcytosis helps the immune system prevent urinary tract infections? |
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Definition
| immunoglobulins (proteins) are transported from the basolateral tubular endothelium (blood) to the apical epithelium (urine) [secretion] |
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Term
| what is the molecular weight of albumin? |
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Definition
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Term
| how big of proteins can be filtered by the kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does "solvent drag" mean? |
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Definition
| water is pushed into the capillary blood after a build up of hydrostatic pressure between the renal cells and it drags ions with it |
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Term
| What does it mean that water is reabsorbed by isoosmotic reabsorption in the proximal tubule? |
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Definition
| Water and salt stay together so the osmolality/oncotic pressure in the tubule does not change |
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Term
| Where are tight junctions pretty loose in the nephron? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are tight junctions very tight in the nephron? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 steps involved in transporting solute and water from the tubular lumen to the peritubular capillary? |
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Definition
| Step 1 – active extrusion of sodium into interstitium (Na/K ATPase) Step 2 – parallel transport of anions Step 3 – reabsorption of water (follows Na+ and anions) Step 4 – bulk flow of water and solute from interstitium into peritubular capillaries |
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Term
| What two factors limit reabsorption rate? |
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Definition
-saturation status of transporters (Tm)
-gradient-limited systems |
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