Term
| The branch of biology dealing with heredity. |
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Definition
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Definition
| The process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring. |
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| Name the two ancient cultures that dabbled in genetics |
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Definition
| The Chinese (without definate proof & with rice) and the Babylonians using horses manes (6,000 yrs ago) |
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| Male and female gametes are |
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| What is preformation theory |
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Definition
| The thought that little babies were in the sperm already preformed |
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| The man who combined male & female sea urchin gametes in 1875 |
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| When a sperm and egg meet what type of cell do they form |
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| The two inch single cell organism with a cap, stalk and foot nucleus. |
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| The four types of light microscopes are |
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Definition
| Light field, dark field, phase contrast & dissection |
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| The maximum usable magnification of a light type microscope is |
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Definition
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| Dark field microscopes have black backgrounds that assist in what |
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Definition
| Bringing out details that were not visible on the light field type microscope |
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| A microscope that alters light wave lengths is called |
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Definition
| A phase contrast microscope |
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| Dissection microscopes get their light by... |
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Definition
| projecting light on the subject and due to this have a max of 35x magnification |
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Definition
| Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy |
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Term
| TEMs can magnify objects up to |
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Definition
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Term
| What substance must be put on the subject with a SEM |
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Definition
| Metal (tends to be a precious metal) |
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Term
| How many generations does a cap-determining substance work for |
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Definition
| Only the first generation, then the nucleus of the previous cell takes over. |
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Term
| Whose experiments delt with Acetabularia nuclei |
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Definition
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Term
| Gurdon's experiments conculded what two ideas? |
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Definition
1. The nucleus directs cell activity.
2. The nucleus holds the cells heredity information. |
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Term
| What were the steps to Gurdon's frog(cloning) experiment? |
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Definition
1. Extract an egg from a female frog
2. Eradiate the egg
3. Take any cell from a tadpole and combine the cell with the egg
4. Watch a clone of the tadpole form |
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Term
| What are the cells created after the zygote multiplies called |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the process called where cells form into different cells such as blood, muscle and nerve cells |
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Term
| How many genes are in a human cell |
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Definition
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Term
| How man pair of chomosomes does a human have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rather than a cell having to take care of 30,000 loose genes the cells made what to assist them? |
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Definition
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Term
| Image of an unduplicated chromosome |
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Definition
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| Image of a duplicated chromosome |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the five phases of Mitosis |
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Definition
1. Interphase
2. Prophase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase |
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Term
| What happens during Interphase |
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Definition
| The cell chromosomes duplicate (in the nucleus) |
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Term
| What four things happen during Prophase |
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Definition
1. The nucleus begins to breakdown
2. Centrioles form
3. Spindles form (the lines up and down inside the nucleus)
4. Chromosomes condense & thicken |
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Term
| The chromosomes aligning on the equitorial plate and the spindle fiber attaching to each chromosome are things that happen during what phase of mitosis |
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Definition
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Term
| What two thing occur in Anaphase |
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Definition
1. Centromeres duplicate
[image]
2. Chorosomes are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell
[image] |
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Term
| What three things happen in Telophase? |
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Definition
1. The cytoplasm begins to divide
2. Chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell
[image]
3. Chromosomes become diffuse
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three ways of asexually reproducing |
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Definition
1. Fission - "to divide" used by bacteria
2. Budding - a small piece falls off and creates another organism used by sponges
3. Runners - sending Rhizoids or Rhizomes aka roots to another area to form another organism used by grass |
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Term
| The "runners" that grass use to reproduce are called |
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Definition
| Rhizoids or Rhizomes "Rhiz" meaning roots |
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Term
| Define sexual reproduction |
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Definition
| A union of male and female gametes |
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Term
| What does sexual reproduction ensure |
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Definition
| A source of variation in the offspring which allows for adaptaion |
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Term
| A cell "reduction" division is also called what |
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Definition
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| Meiosis takes place in what types of cells |
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Definition
| Gametes in animals and spores in plants |
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Term
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Definition
| Nuclear division mechanism that maintains the parental chromosome number for the forthcoming daughter cells |
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Term
| Prokaryotic fission is a reproduction tecnique for what |
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Definition
| Bacterium it is done asexually and it involves DNA replication and accumulation of a membrane (cell wall) at its midsection |
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Term
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Definition
| RH+ red blood cells have a certain membrane surface protein |
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Definition
| He was an austrian monk that wrote a paper on genetics in 1865 and it was rediscovered after his death 35 year later |
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Term
| What type of cells are somatic cells |
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Definition
| Body cells with a diploid condition |
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Term
| What do diploid and haploid mean |
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Definition
| double and single in relation to the amount of chromosomes passed on |
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Definition
aka Sperm Formation
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| How many gametes do men and women produce? |
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Definition
| Men produce 300,000,000 per happy ending and women one a month amounting to about 500 over their lifetime |
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Term
| Faternal twins are created by |
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Definition
| 2 different eggs and 2 different sperm developing at the same time |
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Term
| When talking about generations what does P, F1 and F2 stand for? |
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Definition
P=Parental
F1=Offspring which would be the 2nd generation
F2=Offspring of the offspring |
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Definition
| Two or more alternate expressions of the same gene |
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Term
| What are these Ab, AB, aB and ab |
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Definition
| Genotypes, this is the acutal combination of genes and dictates the phenotype |
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Term
| If I say someones blood type what am I saying |
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Definition
| Their phenotype, which is what an organism or trait looks like |
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Term
| What is the purpose of Meiosis |
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Definition
| To create new combinations of genes, when 23 chormosomes come from a male and 23 from a female it creates new combinations of genes |
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Term
| The chart you make for consideration of a single trait is |
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Definition
| A Monohybrid cross in a punhett square |
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