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Quiz #2
Skull projections, consent, sterile field, HSG, Myelography, Sialography, and Arthrography
75
Health Care
Not Applicable
09/25/2012

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Term
Pt position for a lateral skull:
Definition
upright or semiprone
Term
Part position for a lateral skull:
Definition
- MSP of head parallel to IR
- IPL perpendicular to IR
- IOML parallel to transverse axis of cassette
Term
The CR enters _" superior to the EAM on a lateral skull.
Definition
2
Term
Part position for PA/PA axial skull (Caldwell):
Definition
- OML perpendicular to IR plane
- MSP perpendicular to IR
- IR centered to nasion
Term
The CR for a PA axial skull (Caldwell) is angled __ degrees ______ and exits the _____.
Definition
- 15 degrees caudad
- exits the nasion
Term
The CR for a PA skull is angled __ degrees and exits the _____.
Definition
- 0 degrees (perpendicular)
- exits the nasion
Term
The PA/PA axial skull is preferred over the AP/AP axial because the resulting image is less:
Definition
magnified
Term
Part position for AP/AP axial skull (inverse Caldwell):
Definition
 - MSP & OML perpendicular to IR
Term
Part position for AP axial (Towne method) skull:
Definition
- MSP perpendicular to IR
- OML or IOML perpendicular to IR
Term
The CR for an AP axial (Towne method) skull is directed __ degrees ______ to the OML or __ degrees ______ to the IOML and exits the _______ _______.
Definition
- OML = 30 degrees caudal
- IOML = 37 degrees caudal
- exits the foramen magnum
Term
What is the part position for PA axial (Haas) skull / aka inverse Towne?
Definition
- MSP perpendicular to IR
- OML perpendicular to IR
Term
The CR for a PA axial (Haas) is directed at a _______ angle of __ degrees to the OML. It enters a point __" below the external occipital protuberance and exits __" superior to the nasion.
Definition
- 25 degrees cephalad to the OML
- Enters 1.5" (3.8 cm) below the external occipital protuberance
- Exits 1.5" (3.8 cm) superior to the nasion
Term
What is the part position for an SMV skull (Schuller)?
Definition
- MSP perpendicular to IR
- IOML parallel with IR
Term
On an SMV skull, the CR enters the MSP of the throat between the angles of the _______. It passes through the _____ ______ at a point __" anterior to the level of the EAM.
Definition
- enters between angles of the mandible - passes through the sella turcica 3/4" (1.9 cm) anterior to the level of the EAM
Term
Name 2 structures that are seen in profile on a lateral skull:
Definition
1. Orbital roofs
2. Sella turcica
Term
In a PA skull, the ______ ridges fill up the orbits, and the _____ ____ is located in-between the superior orbital margins.
Definition
1. Petrous
2. Crista galli
Term
On a Caldwell skull, the petrous ridges lie in the _____ ___ of the orbits.
Definition
lower 3rd
Term
What anatomy is projected within the foramen magnum on a Towne skull?
Definition
Dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid processes
Term
On an SMV skull, what anatomy is projected within the foramen magnum?
Definition
Dens (odontoid process)
Term
When giving a patient a signed consent form it is imperative that the radiographer tell the patient his/her rights; name them:
Definition
- the right to read the signed consent
- the right to have somebody else read the signed consent to him/her
- the right to have someone else explain the signed consent to him/her in detail
Term
Are abbreviations allowed on a signed consent form?
Definition
no
Term
A signed consent form is a ____ document.
Definition
legal
Term
Who must be the last person to sign a consent form?
Definition
the patient
Term
Is a VCUG a sterile procedure?
Definition
No
Term
(True or False) All sterile procedures are invasive.
Definition
True
Term
(True or False) All invasive procedures are sterile.
Definition
False - not all invasive procedures are sterile
Term
Aseptic technique is aka what?
Definition
Clean procedure
Term
The uterine tubes open into the _________ cavity.
Definition
peritoneal
Term
What are the three parts of the uterine tubes? (medial to lateral)
Definition
1. Isthmus
2. Ampulla
3. Infundibulum
Term
The uterus is situated in the central part of the ______ cavity.
Definition
pelvic
Term
A uterus of a woman who has never given birth:
Definition
nulliparous
Term
The four parts of the uterus: (superior to inferior)
Definition
1. Fundus
2. Body
3. Isthmus
4. Cervix
Term
The inner mucosal lining of the uterine cavity:
Definition
endometrium
Term
Abnormal erosion of the endometrium that causes a lot of bleeding and is a contraindication of an HSG:
Definition
endometriosis
Term
An HSG is a radiographic-diagnosis procedure, but it also has a ________ potential.
Definition
treatment
Term
What is the prep for an HSG?
Definition
- performed 10 days after menstruation (avoids irradiating a fertilized egg)
- no sex for 10 days prior to exam
- Blood pregnancy test the day of the exam
Term
Scout for an HSG:
Definition
KUB (CR 2" superior to pubis symphysis)
Term
What specialized catheter is used for an HSG?
Definition
Sholkoff catheter
Term
What overhead images are usually taken during an HSG?
Definition
AP, two 45 degree obliques, and post suction
Term
Is the contrast used for an HSG water soluble?
Definition
Yes
Term
What are the two divisions of the CNS?
Definition
- brain
- spinal cord
Term
What are the two different tissue portions of the CNS?
Definition
- gray matter = outer portion/cortex
- white matter = inner portion
Term
The ____ substance of the spinal cord forms an H-shape seen on transverse sectional images.
Definition
gray
Term
The spinal cord extends from the brain to the L_ - L_ space.
Definition
L1 - L2 space
Term
Cauda equina refers to spinal nerves and literally means:
Definition
horse tail
Term
What are the 3 layers of the meninges: (deep-shallow)
Definition
1. Pia mater
2. Arachnoid
3. Dura mater
Term
The three continuous, protective membranes that enclose the brain and the spinal cord:
Definition
meninges
Term
The inner sheath membrane of the meninges. It is highly vascular and closely adhered:
Definition
Pia mater
Term
The delicate central sheath membrane of the meninges:
Definition
Arachnoid
Term
The widest of subarachnoid cisterns. It is located in the lower posterior fossa between the base of the cerebellum and the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata. It works as a filter to stop certain chemicals from reaching the brain:
Definition
Cisterna magna
Term
A wide space between the arachnoid and pia mater. It is continuous with the ventricular system:
Definition
subarachnoid space
Term
Areas of subarachnoid space that are increased in width:
Definition
subarachnoid cisterns
Term
The outermost meningeal layer. It is strong and fibrous:
Definition
Dura mater
Term
What is the name of the sac that encloses the cauda equina?
Definition
Dural sac (Thecal sac)
Term
A general term applied to the radiologic examination of the CNS structures situated in the vertebral canal. It requires contrast introduction into the subarachnoid space by spinal puncture:
Definition
Myelography
Term
The spinal puncture for a Myelogram is made at the L_ - L_ space or the L-_ - L_ space.
Definition

L2 - L3 or L3 - L4

On quiz/test may say between L2 and L5

Term
The thecal sac is commonly located between L_ and L_.
Definition
L3 and L5
Term
Is the contrast for a myelography injected (above/below/in) the spinal cord?
Definition
below
Term
How long are patients who have had a myelogram held in recovery before being allowed to be released home?
Definition
4-8 hrs
Term
During a myelogram, CSF is usually withdrawn to check what?
Definition
spinal pressure
Term
Caffeine is sometimes given to the pt S/P myelogram because it is a _____________ that prevents leakage of contrast into the brain, and it keeps the contrast in the spinal canal longer to improve diagnostic quality for follow-up CT.
Definition
vasoconstrictor
Term
Instructions to give to pt to avoid spinal headache:
Definition
- rest for 24 hrs
- drink extra clear fluids
Term
What type of contrast does a Sialogram require?
Definition
Oil based iodinated contrast
Term
How many pairs of salivary glands are there?
Definition
3
Term
Name the 3 pairs of salivary glands:
Definition
1. Parotid
2. Submandibular
3. Sublingual
Term
The salivary glands produce about _ L of saliva per day.
Definition
1
Term
What is the largest pair of salivary glands?
Definition
Parotid
Term
What is the smallest pair of salivary glands?
Definition
sublingual
Term
Arthrography is only performed on what type of joints?
Definition
synovial joints that have at least one bursa
Term
The wrist has how many chambers? How many injections of contrast media are needed on a wrist arthrogram?
Definition
3 chambers; 3 different injections
Term
The radiologist accesses the bursa of a joint with what type of needle?
Definition
spinal
Term
What are the common projections of a wrist arthrogram?
Definition
- PA
- Lateral
- Both obliques
Term
Hip arthrograms are most often performed to:
Definition
- evaluate congenital hip dislocation in children
- detect loose hip prosthesis in adults
- Confirm infection in adults
Term
Shoulder arthrograms are most often performed to evaluate:
Definition
- partial or complete tears in the rotator cuff or glenoid labrum
- persistent pain or weakness
- frozen shoulder
Term
In which joints can double contrast be used during an arthrogram?
Definition
the shoulder and knee joints
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