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Exam 4Nutritional/Metabolic function Part1
SCCC
64
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
10/29/2013

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Term
Macronutrients?
Definition
Carbohydrates, Protein, Lipids
Term
Carbohydrates Food Sources?
Definition
Milk, grains, potatoes
Term
RDA?
Definition
Recommended dietary allowances
Term
AMDR?
Definition
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
Term
Carbohydrates RDA?
Definition
130g/day
Term
Carbohydrates AMDR?
Definition
45-65%
Term
Protien Food Sources?
Definition
Meat, Milk, Soy, Eggs
Term
Protein RDA?
Definition
5-7 ounces/day
Term
Protein AMDR
Definition
10-35%
Term
Lipid Food Sources?
Definition
Beef, Lamb, chicken, seeds
Term
Lipid RDA?
Definition
300g/day
Term
Lipid AMDR?
Definition
20-35%
Term
Carbohydrates classified as?
Definition
Simple Sugars and Complex Carbohydrates
Term
Simple Sugars 2 categories?
Definition
Monosaccharides.
Disaccharides.
Term
Monosaccharides (Simple sugars). Examples?
Definition
Glucose
Frutose
Term
Glucose Sources?
Frutose Sources?
Definition
-Fruit, veggies, honey, corn syrup
-Fruit, honey, some veggies
Term
Disaccharides What are they? Examples?
Definition
2 monosaccharides.
Sucrose (Table Sugar)
Lactose (Milk Sugar)
Term
Sucrose? Composed of? From?
Definition
-Sucrose & Glucose
-Sugar cane
Term
Complex Carbohydrates are?
Definition
-Polysaccharides
Term
Types of polysaccharides?
Definition
-Starch
-Glycogen
-Fiber
Term
Examples of starches?
Definition
-Grains
-potatoes/starchy veggies
Term
Grains difference b/t refined and unrefined? Examples?
Definition
-Whole the entire kernal of grain.
-Popcorn, brown rice, whole wheat
-refined take out bran and germ.
-get white pasta, white rice.
Term
Refined grains rich in but lack?
Definition
-rich in starch
-lack fiber, B vitamins, vitamin E, trace minerals, unsaturated fat, and most of the phytochemicals
Term
What is enrichment?
Definition
-Process done to refined grains that adds back some of the B vitamins and iron
Term
How much of all grain servings should be whole grain?
Definition
1/2
Term
Intake of added sugars should not exceed ____% of calories?
Definition
25%
Term
Protiens are?
Definition
Amino Acids
Term
There are essential and non-essential amino acids.
Definition
Essential: Must be supplied through diet b/c body cannot make them.
Nonessential: Body makes these.
Term
Complete Protiens vs Incomplete Proteins?
Definition
-Complete protiens have all 9 amino acids in one like animal products, milk, soy, eggs
-Incomplete need to be combined and eaten to get all of the amino acids like: Grains, nuts, seeds
Term
Complementary Incomplete Protien meal Examples?
Definition
PB& Bread
Black Beans&Rice
Pea soup&Toast
Lentils& Rice Curry
Bean Tacos
Term
Types of Lipids?
Definition
-Saturated Fats, Unsaturated Fats
Term
Saturated Fats Are? Examples?
Definition
-Carbon Atom with hydrogen attached to every carbon filled.
-Beef, lamb, chicken, coconut, whole milk.
Term
Un-Saturated Fats, 2 categories?
Definition
-Monounsaturated, polysaturated
Term
Monounsaturated? Examples?
Definition
-1 Hydrogen not attached.
-fat in olives, olive oil, canola oil, avocado, peanut oil, and many other nuts.
Term
Polysaturated? Examples?
Definition
-Multiple hydrogen not attached.
-nuts, seeds, fish, algae
Term
What are trans fats? Examples?
Definition
-Polyunsaturated, put hydrogen back on then act like saturated fats.
-Cakes & Chips
Term
Ice Cream
-30g Carbohydrates
-19g Fats
-5g Protein
Total Calories per serving?
Definition
-4X30=120 (Carbs)
-9X19=171 (Fat)
-4X5=20 (Protein)
=311
Term
Micronutrients?
Definition
Vitamins & Minerals
Term
Vitamin A
-Other Name?
-Consequences of deficiencies?
-Problems with excessive intake?
Definition
-None
-Vision Impairment (progess to blindness), Impaired immune function
-Headaches, vomiting, double vision, hair loss, bone abnormalities, liver damage (may be reversible or fatal), birth defects during pregnancy
Term
Vitamin D
-Other Name?
-Consequences of deficiencies?
-Problems with excessive intake?
Definition
-None
-Rickets (in infants and children)(retarded bone growth, bone malformations, enlarged ends of long bones, deformities of ribs)
-Osteomalacia (in adults) (softening of bones, involuntary muscle twitching and spasms)
-Toxicity= kidney stones, kidney damage, muscle and bone weakness, excessive bleeding, loss of appetite, death
Term
Vitamin E
-Other Name?
-Consequences of deficiencies?
-Problems with excessive intake?
Definition
-None
-Increased RBC hemolysis in.
-Infants=Anemia, edema, skin lesions
-Toxicity=Relatively non-toxic, High doses enhance anticoagulant medications
Term
Vitamin K
-Other Name?
-Consequences of deficiencies?
-Problems with excessive intake?
Definition
-None
-Hemorrhaging
-Toxicity=No symptoms
Term
Vitamin B1
-Other Name?
-Consequences of deficiencies?
-Problems with excessive intake?
Definition
-Thiamin
-Beriberi (Mental confusion, decrease short term memory, fatique, peripheral paralysis, Muscle weakness, painful calf muscles, Anorexia, enlarged heart, sudden death from heart failure.
-Toxicity=No Symptoms
Term
Vitamin B2
-Other Name?
-Consequences of deficiencies?
-Problems with excessive intake?
Definition
-Riboflavin
-Deformities, Cheilosis, Reddening of cornea
-Toxicity=No symptoms
Term
Vitamin B3
-Other Name?
-Consequences of deficiencies?
-Problems with excessive intake?
Definition
-Niacin
-Pellagra (dermatitis, glossitis, diarrhea, dementia, irritability, mental confusion, death.
-Toxicity= (from supplements) flushing, liver damage, gastric ulcers, low BP, Diarrhea, nausea, vommiting
Term
Vitamin B12
-Other Name?
-Consequences of deficiencies?
-Problems with excessive intake?
Definition
-None
-GI changes, Macrocytic anemia, Neurologic changes
-Toxicity= No Symptoms
Term
Vitamin Folic Acid
-Other Name?
-Consequences of deficiencies?
-Problems with excessive intake?
Definition
-Folate
-Diarrhea, macrocytic anemia, depression, mental confusion, fainting, fatique.
Term
Vitamin C
-Other Name?
-Consequences of deficiencies?
-Problems with excessive intake?
Definition
-None
-Bleeding gums, scurvy, Delayed wound healing, softening of bones, soft loose teeth, anemia, inscreased susceptability to infection, hysteria, depression
-Toxicity= Diarrhea, mild GI upset
Term
Sodium
-Other Name?
-Consequences of deficiencies?
-Problems with excessive intake?
Definition
-NA
-Rare, except with chronic diarrhea or vomiting, and certain renal disorders, nausea, dissiness, muscle cramps
-Toxicity= Hypertension, edema
Term
Potassium
-Other Name?
-Consequences of deficiencies?
-Problems with excessive intake?
Definition
-K
-Muscular weakness, paralysis, anorexia, confusion
-Toxicity=(supplements) muscular weakness, vomiting
Term
Calcium
-Other Name?
-Consequences of deficiencies?
-Problems with excessive intake?
Definition
-Cl
-Rare, may occur secondary to diarrhea or vomiting and certain renal disorders. Muscle cramps, anorexia
-Toxicity=Normally harmless, can cause vomiting.
Term
Iron
-Other Name?
-Consequences of deficiencies?
-Problems with excessive intake?
Definition
-Fe
-Impaired immune function, lethargy, fatigue, itchy skin, pale nail beds and eye membranes, impaired wound healing, intolerance to cold.
-Toxicity= Increased risk of infection, fatigue, lethargy, joint disease. In children=death
Term
Zinc
-Other Name?
-Consequences of deficiencies?
-Problems with excessive intake?
Definition
-Zn
-Growth retardation, hair loss, diarrhea, delayed sexual maturation, eye and skin lesions
-Toxicity= Anemia, diarrhea, vomiting, impaired calcium absorption.
Term
Iodine
-Other Name?
-Consequences of deficiencies?
-Problems with excessive intake?
Definition
-None
-Goiter, weight gain, lethargy. During pregnancy may cause severe and irreversible mental and physical retardation.
-Toxicity= enlarged thyroid gland, decrease thyroid activity.
Term
Flouride
-Other Name?
-Consequences of deficiencies?
-Problems with excessive intake?
Definition
-Fl
-Susceptibility to dental decay, may increase risk of osteoporosis
-Toxicity= Fluorosis (mottling [spots] of teeth), nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chest pain, itching
Term
Definitions?
1.Metabolism
2.Anabolic Processes
3.Catabolic Processes
4.Kilocalories
Definition
1.process by which cells use/store energy from nutrients
2. build substances and body tissues
3. break down substances or stores them
4. amount of heat required to raise 1kg of H20 1 degree C
Term
Essential vs. Non essential nutrients
Definition
essential = body can't make so have to eat
non-essential= body makes on its own so you don't have to eat
Term
Vitamins (water soluble/fat soluble) examples?
Definition
-water soluble
=vitamin c and B complex
-Fat soluble
=bitamins A, D, E, and K
Term
Minerals (trace/major) examples?
Definition
-trace minerals
=iron, iodine, fluoride, zinc
-Major minerals
=calcium, sodium, potassium
Term
Energy expendature 2 ways?
Definition
- metabolism (involuntary)
-physical activity
Term
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) or resting endergy expendature (REE)
Definition
-energy used when resting
Term
Thermic effect of food?
Definition
-energy expended by our bodies to consume (bite, chew, swallow) and process (digest, store, metabolize) food
Term
Factors Affecting BMR?
Definition
Age, Gender, Obesity
Weight Loss, Starvation, Fasting and Malnutrition
Growth
Fever
Extremes in temperature
Smoking and Caffeine
Sleep
Term
Do you feed or starve a fever?
Definition
Feed b/c increases metabolism
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