Term
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Definition
| Brings air in warm/humidify, filter out dust |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what controls ventilation? |
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Definition
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Term
| normal breathing is? Called? |
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Definition
| Unlabored 12-20 breaths per min. |
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Term
| Factors affecting respiratory function |
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Definition
*body position
*respiratory rate and depth
*lung compliance (can lungs take in air)
*lung elasticity (expand/recoil)
*Airway resistance
*enviornment (pollutions, allergens) |
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Term
| Factors Affecting Respiratory Function |
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Definition
Life Style and Habits
Smoking
Drugs and Alcohol
Nutrition
The Older Adult
Diseases Affecting |
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Term
| What does smoking do to the body? |
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Definition
*constricts bronchioles
*increases fluid secretion into the airways
*inflammation and swelling of the bronchial lining
*paralyzes cilia
*reduced airflow and increased production of secretions
*enzymes that break down elastin and other alveolar wall components.
*chronic bronchitis
*emphysema. |
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Term
| What does obesity do to the respiratory system |
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Definition
*Hypoventilation(don't breathe as deep)
*Dyspnea or Shortness of Breath (SOB)(even at rest)
*Increased Risk for Infection (airways can't clear themselves, inneffective airway clearence)
*Sleep Apnea: (Upper airway constriction when lying down)
*Increased risk for Atherosclerosis (impaired blood flow due to diet) and Hypertension (heart work harder to get blood through vascular system) |
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Term
| Factors Influencing Respiration in the Older Adult |
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Definition
*Calcification of costal cartilage leads to diminished expansion and recoil
*Diminished cough reflex leading to difficulty expelling mucus or foreign material
*Diminished ability to increase ventilation when oxygen demand increases.
*Fewer cilia
*Declining immune response
*Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) |
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Term
| Pathophysiological Conditions |
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Definition
*Respiratory Infections
-Upper Tract
-Lower Tract
*Pulmonary System Abnormalities
-Structural/Restricted Lung Movement
-Airway Inflammation and Obstruction
-Alveolar-Capillary Membrane Disorders
*Pulmonary Circulation Abnormalities
-Thrombus/Embolus
*Central Nervous System Abnormalities
*Neuromuscular Abnormalities |
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Term
| Diseases affecting Respiratory Function |
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Definition
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Term
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
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Definition
*A disorder usually associated with long-term smoking
*Abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases
*Airflow limitation that is not fully reversible
*Bronchitis (chronic): chronic productive cough
*Emphysema: permanent enlargement of the air spaces and destruction of lung walls
-Increased residual volume/decreased chest compliance and elastic recoil. |
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Term
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Definition
*A chronic (long-term) lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways.
*Causes recurring periods of wheezing, shortness of breath. |
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Term
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Definition
*An acute infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs.
*Caused by a variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi.
*The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus, causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills and difficulty breathing.
*Consolidated lung tissue may be heard as bronchial breath sounds over vesicular areas of the lungs. |
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Term
| Altered Respiratory Function |
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Definition
*Cough
*Sputum Production
*Shortness of Breath
-Dyspnea
*Chest Pain |
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Term
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Definition
respiratory rate: 12-20
BP: 90-119/60-79
High BP (hypertension): 120/80 and above
Low BP (hypotension): 90/60 and below |
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Term
| Respiratory Effort and Breathing Patterns |
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Definition
*Unlabored
*Stridor, Wheezing,Congestion
*Pursed Lip Breathing
*Use of Accessory Muscles
*Hyperventilation
*Hypoventilation |
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Term
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Definition
*No cough
*Dry, Productive, Hacking
*What are the other clinical findings?
*Assess sputum color, amount, odor, presence of blood(hemoptysis), time of day
*Obtain samples |
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Term
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Definition
Preventing Respiratory Infections
Encouraging Smoking Cessation
Reducing Allergens
Monitoring Peak Flow
Providing Adequate Hydration
Positioning and Ambulation
Deep Breathing and Coughing
Incentive Spirometry |
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Term
| Nursing Interventions for Altered Respiratory Function |
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Definition
*Fowler's
*Facilitate airway
*Maximize lung expansion
*Clear secretions
*Maximize oxygenation
*Positioning and Ambulation
*Deep Breathing and Coughing
*Teach Pursed Lip Breathing
*Chest Physiotherapy and Postural Drainage
*Oxygen Therapy
*Hydration
*Consult Respiratory Therapist |
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Term
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Definition
*Infection Control
*Medications
*Home Oxygen Systems
*Energy Conservation
*Fostering Self-Esteem |
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