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Quiz 4 Skin
Quiz 4 see Study Guide for class #9 on 8/29 and #10 on 8/31 and #11 on 9/2
69
Science
Undergraduate 1
08/29/2011

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Term
True or False: Keratin is a protein.
Definition
True
Term
What is the difference between keratinized or non-keratinized epithelial tissue?
Definition
Non-keratinized epithelial tissue DOES NOT have the protein keratin. In moisture rich environments, keratin would not be suitable.
Term
What are the three types of matrix when describing connective tissue?
Definition
Fibrous, Fluid, Skeletal
Term
Where is stratified squamous epithelium tissue located?
Definition
The outer part of the skin.
Term
True or False: the outer part of the skin in non-keratinized.
Definition
False. It is keratinized as the role of the skin is to protect. Keratin repels water whcih aids in protection of the skin.
Term
True or False: Fibroblasts are the most numerous of connective tissue.
Definition
True
Term
What are the three Connective Tissue Fibers?
Definition
Collagen, Elastin, Reticulin
Term
How many different types of Fibrous Connective Tissue are there?
Definition
6
Term
What is the composition of Matrix?
Definition
Ground substance and Fiber
Term
Describe Ground Substance:
Definition
Loquid, gel, semi-hard, or hard.
It is arround the three different types of fibers (collagen, elastic and reticular.)
Term
Describe Dense Regular Fibrous Connective Tissue.
Definition
Made of collagen fibers.
The configuration is a regular parallel pattern
It is the srtongest of the 6 Fibrous Connective Tissues
It is found in tendons.
Term
This phrase describes what?
"Sttatifies Squamous Keratinized Epithelium with Dense Irregular Fibrous Connective Tissue."
Definition
The Skin
Term
Describe Dense Irregular Fibrous Connective Tissue.
Definition
Made of collagen
Pattern is irregular
It is found in the deeoest part of the dermis (skin), and deep fascia.
Term
Name the 6 types of Fibrous Connective Tissue
Definition
Dense Regular, Dense Irregular, Reticular, Elastic, Loose Areolar, Adipose
Term
What is the function of the integumentary system?
Definition
Protection
Term
Describe Epidermis
Definition
Most superficial. Depth ranges from 0.5mm (eyelids) to 5mm (back).
It is keratinized, stratified, squamus epithelium.
It regenerates every 35 days.
It is avasvular and ammervated.
Term
the 4 words that describe the Epidermis are:
Definition
"KESS"
Keritinized, Stratified, Squamous, Epithelium
Term
There are 2 Divisions of the Epidermin that are important for us to know. They are:
Definition
Stratum Corneum and Stratum Basale
Term
Describe the Stratus Corneum:
Definition
It is the outermost 25-30 layers of the epidermis. It consists of flat, dead, kerotinocytes. They are constantly sloughing off.
Term
Describe the Stratum Basale:
Definition
It is the deepest layer of the Epidermis.
It is a single layer containing stem cells.
Stem cells undergo cell division (mitosis.)
Term
Compare and Contrast Thin and Thick Skin on TB p124
Definition
BOTH are part of the Epidermis.
*The thick skin has the 5th layer called the stratus lucidum.
Term
Describe Thin Skin
Definition
Part of the Eipdermis.
Consists of 4 distinct and different layers.
Over most areas of the body's skin.
Term
Describe Thick Skin:
Definition
Part of the Epidermis.
Has an added 5th layer called Stratus Ldidum.
Located in areas of great friction such as the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.
Term
Dermis characteristics:
Definition
It is the deepest part of the skin.
It is the thicker part of the skin.
It consists of 2 different and distinct layers of Connective Tissue.
It is innervated (has nerves.)
It is vascular (Has blood vessels.)
Term
Name 2 differences between Epidermis and Dermis.
Definition
The Epidermis is both avascular and annervated.
The Dermis is both vascular and innervated.
Term
What are the 2 layers of the Dermis and what type of tissue are they made of?
see TBp117
Definition
The two layers are: Papillary and Reticular.
They are COnnective Tissue.
They are DIFFERENT types of connective tissue.
Term
The Papillary Layer is one of 2 different and distinct types of connective tissue of the Dermis.
What type of connective tissue is the Papillary Layer?
Definition
Areolar Connective Tissue.
(Fine elastic fibers containing small "finger type" projections called the dermal papillae.)
The papillay layer projects up into the epidermis and forms the ridges we know as fingerprints.
Term
The Reticular Layer is one of 2 different and distinct types of connective tissue of the Dermis.
What type of connective tissue is the Reticular Layer?
Definition
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue.
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue is, along with Regular Connective Tissue, is one of the toughest of connective tissue.
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue is made of collagen fibers arranged in an irregular (rather than parallel) pattern.
The Reticular Layer of the Dermis is the greatest percent of the Dermis.
Term
True or False: The Hypodermis is part of the skin.
Definition
FALSE.
It is UNDER (hypo) the skin.
It is also called sub-cutaneous.
It is also called called superficial fascia.
Term
What type of Connective Tissue comproses the Hypodermis?
Definition
Loose Areolar AND Adipose Connective Tissue
Term
Describe Loose Areolar Connective Tissue.
Definition
It's not the strongest of the 6 types of Connective Tissue.
It has a combination of SOME collagen, elastin and reticular fibers.
Term
What is the primary function of Loose Areolar Connectve Tissue?
Definition
Filler
Term
What are the two appendages of the skin?
See TB pp 117-132
Definition
Hair and Nails
Term
Describe the characteristics of the hair and nails, appendages of the skin:
Definition
Protective
Cells of epidermis spread down into dermis forming a GERMINAL MATRIX (site of cell division.)
Term
Where is the Germinal Matrix found?
Definition
In the appendages of the skin.
The appendages of the skin are Hair and Nails.
Term
What is the function of the Germinal Matrix?
Definition
Cell division.
Term
Arrector Pili are accessory/appendages of the skin. What are some of the characteristics of arrector pili?
Definition
They are Smooth Muscle.
They are attached to the hair.
As a response to stress or fright (goosebumps) the muscle pulls the shaft perpendicular to the skin so they "stand up!"
Term
What are the two types of sweat glands?
Definition
Eccrine and Apocrine
Term
What is the function of Eccrine Sweat Glands:
Definition
Helps to control body core temperature.
Term
What is the function of Apocrine Sweat Glands?
Definition
They help to control core temperature as well, but at puberty a "scent" emerges.
Term
Describe Skin Glands?
Definition
They are Glandular Epithelium.
They are Exocrine glands.
They are SEBACEOUS glands.
They secrete Oil called Sebum.
Term
What is the function of the Skin Glands, which are glandular epithelium?
Definition
The sebum that is secreted is protective.
Term
What type of protective oil does the glandular epithelium, skin glands, secrete?
Definition
Sebum
Term
What type of gland is a Sweat Gland?
Definition
Sudoriferous (Think "odor"/sweat)
Term
How many mililiters, mL's, of sweat/presperation, is secreted a day on average?
Definition
600 mL's
Term
Where is cerumen found?
Definition
In the external auditory canal.
Term
True or False: Earwax is called Cerumen.
Definition
TRUE
Term
Cermenous glands are glandular epithelium, skin glands. What do they secrete?
Definition
Cerumen / Earwax
Term
True or Flase: The number of melanocites is greatest in people of drak skin color.
Definition
False. Among the races, the number of melanocites is about the same. The determination of skin color is the response of the melonocites due to sun exposre. Darker skin colored people's melaninocytes produce melanin in a greater amount.
Term
Define Vitiligo
Definition
Loss of pigment in patches
Term
In Inflammation and wound healing, which two skin structres are involves?
Definition
The Epidermis and Dermis.
Term
In Inflammation and wound healing, how does the Epidermis respond?
Definition
The basal (basale) cells that perform mitosis migrate across and replicate filling the damaged tissue in cleanly.
Term
In Infalmmation and wound healing, how does the Dermis respond?
Definition
Connective tissue maintains itself through fibroblasts synthesizing fibers and matrix. If a wound gaps sufficiently, the epidermis cells can't bridge the gap and the scar the forms is from dense irregular connective tissue. It is fiberous and uneven.
Term
There are 5 types of PARALLEL muscle shapes. Name them:
Definition
TG p. 12
1. Flat; 2. Sphincter; 3. Fusiform; 4. Strap; 5. Triangular
Term
Nama an example of each PARALLEL muscle shape:
1. Flat; 2. Sphincter; 3. Fusiform; 4. Strap; 5. Triangular
Definition
TG p. 12
1. Flat=Frontalis
2. Sphincter=orbicularis oculi
3. Fusiform=brachialis
4. Strap=sartorius
5. Triangular=trapezius
Term
There are 3 types of PENNATE muscle shapes.
Name them:
Definition
TG p. 12
1. Unipennate; 2. Bipennate; 3. Multipennate
Term
Name an example of each PENNATE muscle shape:
1. Unipennate; 2. Bipennate; 3. Multipennate
Definition
TG p.12
1. Unipennate=tibialis posterior
2. Bipennate=lumbricals
3. Multipennate=deltoid
Term
REVIEW: WHat are the three types of muscle tissue?
Definition
1. Cardiac; 2. Smooth; 3. Skeletal
Term
What are three functions of [skeletal] muscle tissue are we most concerned with?
Definition
1. Movement; 2. Heat Regulation; 3. Posture
Term
What are the 4 properties of Muscle Tissue?
Definition
Electrically Excitable
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity
Term
Describe the 4 Properties of Muscle:
1. Electrically Excitable
2. Contractility
3. Extensibility
4. Elasticity
Definition
1. Electrical Excitability = responds to the nerve impulse stimulation
2. Contractility=Generates tension - both in shortening and elongation phases
3. Extensibility=the ability of the tissue to stretch/elongate
4. Elasticity=the ability to return a lengthened/stretched state to its resting position. "Snap back"
Term
True or Flase: A muscle fiber is a muscle cell.
Definition
True. The terms fibers and cells are interchangeable.
The fiber/cell is the functional unit of the muscle.
Term
Define fascicle:
Definition
A facile is a bundle of 100's of individula muscle cells called fibers.
A fasicle is wrapped in connective tissue (fascis) called perimysium.
Term
What are the three layers of Connective Tissue - Fascia - that cover skeletal muscle?
Definition
1. Epimysium (epi-upon)
2. Perimysium (peri-around)
3. Endomysium (endo-within)
Term
Descrine the location of the 3 types of Fascia, connective tissue, that surrounds the skeletal muscle.
1. Epimysium; 2. Perimysium; 3Endomysium
Definition
1. Epimysium = covers the entire muscle
2. Perimysium = covers each fasicle
3. Endomysium = covers each muscle fiber
Term
REVIEW: What type(s) of connective tissue is fascia comprised of?
Definition
Loose Aereolar and Adipose
Term
As we move below the skin we encounter subcutaneus tissue or SUPERFICIAL Fascia. Deeper to the superficial fascia is the DEEP Fascia. Deep fascia transitions in to TENDONS.
Name the types of Connective Tissue associates with each layer/type.
Definition
Superficial Fascia - Hypodermis - Subcutaneus = Loose Areolar and Adipose.
Deep Fascia = Dense Irregular
Tendon = Dense Regular
Term
Define tendon:
Definition
A strong, tough cord harnessing muscle to bone.
It is made of Dense Regular C.T.
Term
Define Aponeurosis:
Definition
A broad flat sheet of C.T.
It usually merges with the fiberous wrappings of another muscle.
Ex: Linea Alba
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