Term
| 1. Hunger pangs have been shown to be unrelated to stomach contractions. |
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Definition
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Term
| 2. One of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is the need for pleasure. |
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Definition
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Term
| 3. It is possible for a trait to have 100 of its variation accounted for by genetic factors and still be an effect due to environmental factors. |
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Definition
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Term
| 4. Adult male homosexuals have lower testosterone levels than adult male heterosexuals. |
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Definition
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Term
5. The order of the stages in the Atkinson-Shiffrin three stage model of memory (information processing) is
A. working memory, long-term memory, sensory storage
B. sensory memory, long-term memory, working memory
C. sensory memory, working memory, long-term memory
D. working memory, sensory memory, long-term memory |
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Definition
| C. Sensory memory, working memory, long-term memory |
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Term
6. In his classic experiment using the partial report procedure, Sperling (1960) demonstrated that
A. rats could learn to recognize letters without reinforcement.
B. sensory memory holds more information than the subject can report before the information fades
away.
C. long-term memory is both time-limited and capacity limited.
D. information in the sensory register fades away in about 5 minutes. |
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Definition
| B. sensory memory holds more information than the subject can report before the information fades away |
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Term
7. Working memory has__ capacity and ___ duration
A. limited; limited
B. limited; unlimited
C. unlimited; limited
D. unlimited; unlimited |
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Definition
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Term
8. The new college president was formerly a helminthologist (a scientist who studies worms). He refused to
learn the names of the students because, as he put it, “Every time I learn the name of a student, I forget the
name of a worm!” This shows that the new president believes (incorrectly) that long-term memory is
A. time-limited.
B. capacity-limited.
C. not time-limited.
D. not capacity-limited. |
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Definition
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Term
9. Most people find fill-in questions ___ difficult than multiple choice questions because fill-ins provide ___
cues than multiple choice questions.
A. less; more
B. less; fewer
C. more; more
D. more; fewer |
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Definition
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Term
10. Recall and recognition are both examples of
A. encoding.
B. decoding.
C. storage.
D. retrieval. |
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Definition
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Term
11. Based on the demonstration of memorization we found in class, most people find that making a vivid visual
association between pairs of word in the list (such as the Peg Word Method) is ___ silently repeating the list
of words.
A. more effective than
B. less effective than
C. about equally effective as |
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Definition
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Term
12. Most people, when they think of the concept of “chair,” are more likely to imagine something like a kitchen
chair than a barber chair; for these people, the kitchen chair serves as a ___.
A. daguerreotype.
B. linotype.
C. prototype.
D. stereotype. |
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Definition
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Term
13. Algorithms are useful because they
A. are flexible since they are not too precise.
B. will always work if used properly.
C. are intuitive and obvious.
D. can solve almost any problem. |
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Definition
| B. will always work if used properly |
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Term
14. Many people think that flipping a coin five times and getting HHHHH is less likely than getting HTHHT,
even though the two outcomes are equally likely. This is an example of
A. the representativeness heuristic.
B. the availability heuristic.
C. fixation.
D. conservation bias. |
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Definition
| A. the representativeness heuristic |
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Term
15. As an aid to thinking and communicating, human beings create mental categories of objects, actions, etc.
called
A. lines.
B. circles.
C. concepts.
D. points. |
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Definition
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Term
16. To demonstrate an obstacle to problem-solving, a teacher asks his students, “I have a rule in mind for defining
a sequence of numbers. Here is a sequence of numbers that follows the rule: 1 3 5. Ask me about any
sequence of numbers you like and I will tell you whether or not it follows the rule. When you are sure that
you know the rule, state it for me.” Most of the students assumed that the property was “odd numbers” and so
asked about numbers like 7, 9 and 11, but never 2 or 4 or -5. The actual rule the teacher had in mind was
“increasing positive numbers”. The students' behavior illustrated
A. bait-and-switch.
B. confirmation bias.
C. reverse psychology.
D. conservation bias. |
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Definition
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Term
17. The fact that there is a critical period (or “sensitive period”) for language acquisition suggests that
A. the ability to learn language has limits set by human biology
B. learning a second language should be delayed until the first language has been mastered.
C. children do not respond well to criticism.
D. one can learn a new language easily at any time of life. |
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Definition
| A. the ability to learn language has limits set by human biology |
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Term
18. Children’s spontaneous use of words like “falled” and “breaked” are evidence that
A. they are not yet intelligent enough to speak properly.
B. they imitate the speech of their parents.
C. they detect rules of forming sentences and sometimes apply them to words that are exceptions to the
rule.
D. their hearing is not fully developed. |
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Definition
| C. they detect rules of forming sentences and sometimes apply them to words that are exceptions to the rule |
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Term
19. Although experts disagree among themselves about the definition of intelligence, most would agree that
intelligence is a(n)
A. array of isolated, independent traits.
B. general trait that underlies success on any task.
C. inborn ability to perform well on standard intelligence tests.
D. mental ability to learn from experience, solve problems and adapt to new situations. |
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Definition
| D. mental ability to learn from experience, solve problems and adapt to new situations. |
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Term
20. Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are most likely to criticize
A. Spearman's concept of general intelligence (that is, “g”).
B. Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence.
C. Binet's concept of mental age.
D. Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences. |
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Definition
| D. Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences |
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Term
21. A measure of intelligence based on hat size is likely to have a ___ level of reliability and a ___ level of
validity.
A. high; low
B. high; high low;
C. low
D. low; high |
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Definition
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Term
22. The correlation of the intelligence test scores of identical twins raised apart is
A. greater than that of fraternal twins reared together.
B. equal to that of identical twins reared together.
C. less than that of children and their biological parents.
D. less than that between ordinary siblings reared together. |
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Definition
| A. greater than that of fraternal twins reared together |
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Term
23. With increasing age, adopted children's intelligence test scores become ___ positively correlated with their
adoptive parents' scores and ___ positively correlated with their biological parents’ scores.
A. less; less
B. more; less
C. more; more
D. less; more |
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Definition
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Term
24. We should be wary of claims that ethnic group differences in average IQ scores are due to genetics because
A. IQ tests exclude questions that require familiarity with the dominant language and culture.
B. some ethnic groups may not have evolved under environmental pressures for intelligence.
C. the heritability (strength of the genetic factor) of intelligence scores for different ethnic groups can be
compared only if their schools, neighborhoods and homes offer equal opportunities for academic
success. |
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Definition
| c. the heritability (strength of the genetic factor) of intelligence scores for different ethnic groups can be compared only if their schools, neighborhoods and homes offer equal opportunities for academic success |
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Term
25. Instinct as a theory of motivation was largely abandoned by psychologists early in the 20th century because
A. there is no evidence that an animal behavior such as nest-building is due to instinct.
B. we now can attribute all behavior to genetic factors.
C. we can now attribute all behavior to experience.
D. claiming that a behavior is caused by a certain instinct tells us nothing new about the cause of the
behavior. |
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Definition
| D. claiming that behavior is caused by a certain instinct tells us nothing new about the cause of the behavior |
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Term
26. Human behavior is sometimes stimulated by an effort to escape boredom. This observation argues against a theory of motivation based solely on
A. optimum arousal.
B. drive reduction.
C. the desire to be loved.
D. the desire to excel. |
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Definition
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Term
27. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory of motivation, the greatest satisfaction comes from the
feeling of
A. a full stomach and a warm bed.
B. dominance over others.
C. fulfilling one’s personal destiny.
D. being loved. |
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Definition
| c. fulfilling one's personal destiny |
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Term
28. According to evolutionary approach, the major cause of overeating among humans is that
A. they have lesions of the lateral hypothalamus.
B. their prehistoric ancestors survived by developing the capacity to store energy as fat and the tendency
to eat whenever good food was available.
C. they lack will power.
D. they eat only when hungry. |
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Definition
| B. their prehistoric ancestors survived by developing the capacity to store energy as fat and the tendency to eat whenever good food was available |
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Term
29. In a 24-day study, obese subjects on a 450-calories per day diet lost only 6% of their body weight because
A. they were secretly snacking.
B. they exercised regularly.
C. they were drinking large amounts of water.
D. their metabolism slowed down significantly. |
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Definition
| D. their metabolism slowed sown significantly |
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Term
30. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by
A. itchy feet.
B. an obsessive fear of becoming obese.
C. an unusually high rate of metabolism.
D. cyclical fluctuations between extreme thinness and obesity. |
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Definition
| B. an obsessive fear of becoming obese |
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Term
F1. _________________the act of grouping stimuli so that they are perceived as a single piece of
information—such as the arrangement of dots on dice (C) |
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Definition
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Term
| F2. _________________repeated reciting for the purpose of memory storage (R) |
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Definition
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Term
F3. _________________a method of solving a problem in a single flash of understanding: the “aha”
experience (I) |
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Definition
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Term
| F4. _________________a measurement of the consistency of results of a test (R) |
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Definition
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Term
F5. _________________according to one theory, the level of the body’s stored energy that determines
whether the organism will begin or cease eating (S) |
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Definition
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Term
F6. _________________a group of stimuli that is perceived as a single piece of information—such as the
arrangement of dots on dice (C) |
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Definition
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Term
| F7. _________________the ratio of the variability due to genetics to the total variability in the population (H) |
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Definition
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Term
F8. _________________a strategy for speaking adopted by children when learning their first language in
which they use mostly nouns and verbs and omit auxiliary words and grammatical
endings (T) |
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Definition
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Term
F9. _________________the fear that one will confirm a negative stereotype of one’s ethnic group or gender
by performing poorly on a test (S) |
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Definition
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Term
| F10. _________________a learned motivation in which one strives for success (A) |
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Definition
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