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Quiz 3
Wheat Breeding
13
Agriculture
Undergraduate 3
03/01/2016

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Cards

Term
Why is the following statement correct: "The right to food is a human right"
Definition

Making sure sufficient food is available

 

People need to have ways to access food

 

Individual's dietary needs must be met 

Term
What is a Cultivar?
Definition
It is used to define the output of plant breeding. A plant population that exists in time and space, selected for desirable characteristics that can be maintained by propogation
Term
What are the essential characteristics of a cultivar?
Definition

Identity

 

Reproducibility 

Term
What are the 4 ways a new cultivar can come about?
Definition

Selected from introduced germplasm

 

Local population or land race

 

Artificial hybridization

 

Genetically transformed populations 

Term
What are the 2 activities of Plant Breeders?
Definition

Make new genetic diversity for traits 

 

Impose selection in this genetic diversity (make something better for farmers)

Term
What are the 2 types of selection procedures that use existing variation?
Definition

1. Mass Selection

- Plants are chosen from genetically diverse population on the basis of phenotype and seed composited 

- Want to improve cultivar 

 

2. Pure-line Selection

- Descends solely by self-pollination from a single homozygous plant 

- Isolate pure lines from a mixed population 

Term
What is Artificial Hybridization?
Definition

Emasculation of the female genotype (remove anthers)

 

Pollinate by artifically trasferring pollen from male genotype to the stigma of emasculated flower 

Term
What are the 4 types of Crossing Design?
Definition

1. Simple cross - cross 2 parents to get progeny

 

2. Three way cross - cross parents, then cross progeny with parent 3

 

3. Double cross - cross 2 sets of parents, then cross 2 progeny 

 

4. Back Cross - cross 2 parents, then cross progeny with parent 1 again (can get a gene that is regularly not present this way)

Term

What is best for parental selection?

 

(Think statistics)

Definition

Want high mean and large genetic variance

 

Want to cros good x good, but geneticaly different 

 

 

Term
What are the 3 types of "No Early Generation Selection"?
Definition

1. Bulk Method

- Each plant becomes a variety. Grow 100 progeny, select for next generation and repeat until homozygoticity is reached

- Allows for natural selection, no record keeping

- Progeny is lost due to sampling

 

2. Single Seed Descent

- Select single seed from each F generation

- Minimizes natural selection and loss of progeny from sampling

- No selection during early generations 

 

3. Double Haploid

- Produce haploids with anther culture, chromosome elimination or haploid inducer

- Saves time, selection is efficient

- Unfavourable linkages are preserved 

Term
What are the types of Early Generation Testing?
Definition

Evaluate lines at an early generation of selfing, so that phenotyping can be focused on lines that are most promising

 

1. Pedigree Selection

- Breeder maintains family by growing progeny of each selected single plant

- Select in early generations when 1 homozyosity is achieved 

- Traces lineage well

- However, detailed tracking of pedigrees is needed

 

2. Phenotypic Back-Cross

- Introgree major genes into another germplasm

- Donor parent has major gene, recurrent parent receives the major gene

Term
What is marker-assisted back crossing?
Definition

Molecular markers are used for the following:

 

Foreground selection - track the gene being introgressed

 

Background selection - use amrker to recover the recurrent parent genome 

Term
What would the ideal Ontario Wheat look like?
Definition

High yield

 

High end-use quality

 

Resistent to biotic and abiotic stresses

 

Early maturity 

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