Term
| In 1927, the first american musical play, where the music and story were written to work organically together, was made... What was it's title? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can music in film be used for? |
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Definition
Foreshadow Punctuate dramatic/emotional moments Create tension Make jokes |
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Term
| When did film music change? |
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Definition
Edmund Meisel composed Potemkin ... The music became an inseparable part of the experience of watching the film. |
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Term
| What are the responsibilities of the Music Executive? |
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Definition
Contracts and paychecks Works directly for the production company Has NO control over style or place of music |
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Term
| What are the responsibilities of the Music Supervisor? |
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Definition
In charge of negotiating with record labels for music in the film Selects tracks for the soundtrack NOT STYLE OR PLACEMENT IN FILM |
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Term
| What are the responsibilities of the Composer? |
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Definition
Write original score for the film |
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Term
| What are the responsibilities of the orchestrator? |
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Definition
Arranges and composes music for the proper instrumentation... Ensures the score is playable, within the range of selected instruments, not technically awkward |
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Term
| What are the responsibilities of the Copyist? |
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Definition
Generates parts for individual members of the orchestra Prepares orchestra breakdown |
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Term
| The conductor is frequently either the ___, the ___, or a professional conductor specifically hired for the job |
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Definition
| The Composer or Orchestrator |
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Term
| What are the responsibilities of the music editor? |
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Definition
Acts as liason between director, composer, and mixer Creates temp score Responsible for post-recording fixes Cuts score and source music to film Documents changes |
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Term
| Who decides what scenes will have music and which won't? |
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Definition
| Director, Producers, and Music Editor |
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Term
| What is the last frame of action? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Created by music editor and cut to film temporarily |
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Term
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Definition
| Term for melodic phrase or passage in the music of the film that accompanies the re-occurrence of a theme, character, action, or situation |
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Term
| Where is the score usually recorded? |
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Definition
| On the scoring stage where the conductor conducts the orchestra while watching the film |
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Term
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Definition
| Mix of score recordings given to the music editor to be synced to picture |
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Term
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Definition
| Process where the music editor places or re-synces score in the event that the edit of the film is changed prior to release |
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Term
| The final cue sheets document the final ____ of the music and are used to determine how much is paid to the "music sheets" |
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Definition
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Term
Mastering rights: Synchronization rights: |
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Definition
Mastering rights: Use of specific performance of a song by a specific artist Synchronization rights: Involves use of JUST the song, not the performance |
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Term
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Definition
| The blending of edited sound elements into one continuous soundtrack |
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Term
| WHat are the responsibilities of the Dialogue Re-recording mixer? |
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Definition
Head of the re-recording stage Takes direction from the director May help fix foley |
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Term
| What are the responsibilities of the sound effect re-recording mixer? |
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Definition
| Mixes background, sound effects, and foley |
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Term
| What are the responsibilities of the recordist? |
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Definition
| Routing and patching, documentation, M&E or television mix. |
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Term
| What are the specs for a console in re-recording? |
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Definition
2/3 away from the screen Can be 30-40 feet in length 150 - 700 inputs |
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Term
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Definition
Where the outboard processors and patch bays are kept The only place you find audio on a digital stage |
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Term
| What is the difference between DTS/Dolby Digital and SDDS? |
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Definition
DTS & Dolby Digital: L-C-R speakers behind the screen, Ls-Rs arrways along the sides and back wall SDDS: Added left inner and right inner channel (L-Lc-C-Rc-R) Surround arrays are the same a Dolby |
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Term
What are the L-C-R speakers calibrated to? The surrounds? The sub? |
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Definition
L-C-R "pinked" at 85dB Rs-Ls "pinked at 82dB Sub is pinked at 95dB |
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Term
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Definition
Blending source elements from editorial Creating more manageable sub-mixes |
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Term
| What does "The Chain" refer to? |
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Definition
| Series of peices out outboard gear used to fix troublesome dialogue |
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Term
| When re-recording ADR/Special Walla, "putting it in the room" refers to what? |
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Definition
| Process with EQ and reverb |
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Term
| When panned dialogue is re-recorded, the "Ping Pong Effect" refers to what? |
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Definition
| Dialogue is panned and bounces around based upon perspective |
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Term
| All foley predubs, panned footsteps, props, and panned props, are routed to the L-C-R for monitoring except for what? |
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Definition
| Cloth and Principal Footsteps |
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Term
| what does 4+1 channel Background refer to? |
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Definition
Quad BG's recorded to 4 tracks on MTR Quad BG's routed to L-R-Ls-Rs channels for monitoring "+1" mono fill track recorded to 1 channel and routed to the center for monitoring |
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Term
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Definition
Recorded as 5.0 mix to 5 channels on MTR Reouted to L-C-R-Ls-Rs for monitoring but no mono fill = less flexibility |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What is Interaural Time Difference? Interaural Intensity Difference? |
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Definition
ITD: The delay between sounds arriving at the eft and right ears IID: Difference in intensity of a sound reaching the left and right ear |
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Term
| What effect does pinna response have on human hearing? |
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Definition
| The external ear actually affects the way we hear sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| WHen a sound makes the listener move to localize or confirm what is being heard. |
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Term
| What is the Fletcher Munson Equal Loudness Countours? |
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Definition
| Measure of sound pressure vs. frequency for which a listener perceives a constant loudness |
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Term
What frequency ranges do octaves 1-4 cover? What do they convey? |
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Definition
Octaves 1-4 20Hz-80Hz Conveys strength an power 1+2 = Power 3+4= Foundation |
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Term
What frequencies are in Octaves 5-7? What is the most important aspect of these frequencies? What is different about octave 7? |
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Definition
Octaves 5-7 = 320Hz-2560Hz Most of the frequencies of the human voice Octave 7 is said to add definition but can be annoying after extended listening |
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Term
What frequencies are in the 8th octave? |
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Definition
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Term
| Boosting 5kHz will do what to a sound? |
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Definition
| Gives the impression of an overall loudness increase throughout the mids |
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Term
| What frequencies are in octaves 9 & 10? |
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Definition
Treble frequencies 5120Hz - 20kHz |
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Term
| Emphasis between 15kHz and 20kHz will create what? |
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Definition
| "Airy, sweet, and open" feel |
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Term
| What are the aspects of the Final Mix? |
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Definition
All audio is polished Music is added Reels are listened to together to ensure continuity |
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Term
| What is the cocktail party effect? |
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Definition
Allows listener to "tune in" to what one speaker is saying despite the chatter of many other speakers |
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Term
| What is Binaural Masking? |
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Definition
| The ear shifting the combined response of the unwanted signal in two ears and partially cancels it out |
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Term
| What speakers are dialogue routed to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What speakers are sound effects routed to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What speakers is music routed to? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dolby SR-D, DTS, SDDS, and Optical Print Master are all options of audio on a film. What are their differences? |
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Definition
DTS= audio stored on CD-ROm SDDS= 8 channel output that adds left inner and right inner Optical Print = Analogue, 2-channel stereo mix, used as backup should digital fail |
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Term
| What makes sound for games and sound for films different? |
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Definition
Games are non-linear The sound team is involved from the beginning of the process |
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Term
| What is found on the design document? |
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Definition
List of all factors involved in the game... PLatform Style of game Specific environments Player elements NPCs/AIs/Enemies |
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Term
| What are sound "Prototypes"? |
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Definition
Temporary/placeholder sounds Mockups that will be improved upon later |
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Term
| Sound design in games is done on a ___ by ___ basis |
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Definition
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Term
| What does game phase "Alpha" refer to? |
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Definition
Some playability Exhibiting story flow Sound team gathers prototype sounds and assets |
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Term
| What does game phase "beta" refer to? |
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Definition
The busiest part for the sound team... Game is fully playable with some bugs |
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Term
| What does game phase "Q&A" refer to? |
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Definition
Quality assurance... Busy time for programmers and designers Game is fully playable |
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Term
| What does game phase "Gold" refer to? |
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Definition
Final approval phase Game is finished |
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Term
| What is the definition of an "Adaptive score"? |
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Definition
Music may need to changed based on situation |
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Term
| "Games are the next Generation's radio" |
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Definition
| Major labels want their music in games because units are guaranteed to sell to a captive audience |
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Term
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Definition
Sound Processing Unit dedicated processor for sound Handles sound so central processor doesnt have to |
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Term
| What are the two varieties of banks and what do they do? |
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Definition
Common Banks: Contains sounds that will be used unilaterally across all levels in games Level-specific banks: Sounds specific to a single level in the game |
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Term
| How many audio channels does the Xbox360 have? |
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Definition
| 256 audio channels that supports 48kHz/16 (DVD) |
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Term
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Definition
| A sound that is triggered because something happens in the game and the sound plays as a result |
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Term
| What is a trigger stream? |
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Definition
| Something happens in a level making the music change |
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Term
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Definition
The connections between the code for game events connected to the items they trigger... Objects, Players sounds, user interfaces... |
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